[170] Retana, pp. 252–253, says it had spread into the provinces before the Spanish Government was well aware of what was going on. [171] “Rizal’s Own Story,” p. 53. [172] Craig, p. 190; Derbyshire, p. xxxvii. Mr. Derbyshire calls the decree of banishment “a marvel of sophistry.” Retana’s version, pp. 254–255, justifies this verdict. [173] Petates: bed-mats. Mattresses were little used in the Philippines. [174] Once more, justice à la espagnole in the Philippines. Dr. Craig has the full story. [175] Practicante: practitioner in surgery and medicine. [176] Craig, p. 196. [177] Craig, p. 198. [178] Dr. Craig, p. 223, has photographic reproductions of some of these. [179] “Another famous and well-known water supply is that of Dapitan, Mindanao, designed and constructed by Dr. José Rizal during his banishment in that municipality by the Spanish authorities.... This supply comes from a little mountain stream across the river from Dapitan and follows the contour of the country for the whole distance. When one considers that Dr. Rizal had no explosives with which to blast the hard rocks, and no resources save his own ingenuity, one cannot help but honor a man that against adverse conditions had the courage and tenacity to construct this aqueduct, which had for its bottom the fluted tiles from the houseroofs and was covered with concrete made from lime burned from sea coral. The length of this aqueduct is several kilometers, and it winds in and out among the rocks and is carried across gullies in bamboo pipes upheld by rock or brick piers to the distributing reservoir.”—Quarterly Bulletin, Department of Public Works, October, 1912. [180] Mr. Soliven, “Rizal as a Scientist.” In about three years he sent to the museum at Dresden nine mammals, thirteen birds, forty-five reptiles, nine fishes, 240 insects, sixty-eight crustaceans, and other invertebrates. [181] Craig, pp. 148–149. [182] Printed by Retana, pp. 328–329. [183] See Appendix A. [184] He refers to the long contest between the orders and the part of the clergy (largely native) that was outside of the orders, called “the secular clergy.” What he means is to end the power of the orders to fill the parish appointments. In this conversation, Carnicero seems to be leading him to speak of the friars—the most perilous of topics. [185] Retana, p. 327. [186] Dr. Craig’s translation, first printed with his “Rizal’s Own Story.” [187] Rizal to his mother. [188] Retana, p. 338. [189] Craig, p. 103. [190] Retana, p. 338. [191] Craig, p. 272. [192] Craig, p. 214; Retana, pp. 339–340. [193] Craig, p. 215; Derbyshire, p. xlvii. [194] Retana, p. 248, hails him as “Grand figure!” [195] Fernández, p. 241. [196] Fernández, p. 240. [197] Retana, p. 342. [198] Craig, p. 224; also, Retana, p. 342. [199] Dr. Blumentritt had been so resentful of the injustice of which Rizal was a victim that he had endeavored to have the German Government protest against Rizal’s deportation. Retana, p. 316.