[290] On the early travel between the East and the West the following works may be consulted: A. Hillebrandt, _Alt-Indien_, containing "Chinesische Reisende in Indien," Breslau, 1899, p. 179; C. A. Skeel, _Travel in the First Century after Christ_, Cambridge, 1901, p. 142; M. Reinaud, "Relations politiques et commerciales de l'empire romain avec l'Asie orientale," in the _Journal Asiatique_, Mars-Avril, 1863, Vol. I (6), p. 93; Beazley, _Dawn of Modern Geography, a History of Exploration and Geographical Science from the Conversion of the Roman Empire to A.D. 1420_, London, 1897-1906, 3 vols.; Heyd, _Geschichte des Levanthandels im Mittelalter_, Stuttgart, 1897; J. Keane, _The Evolution of Geography_, London, 1899, p. 38; A. Cunningham, _Corpus inscriptionum Indicarum_, Calcutta, 1877, Vol. I; A. Neander, _General History of the Christian Religion and Church_, 5th American ed., Boston, 1855, Vol. III, p. 89; R. C. Dutt, _A History of Civilization in Ancient India_, Vol. II, Bk. V, chap, ii; E. C. Bayley, loc. cit., p. 28 et seq.; A. C. Burnell, loc. cit., p. 3; J. E. Tennent, _Ceylon_, London, 1859, Vol. I, p. 159; Geo. Turnour, _Epitome of the History of Ceylon_, London, n.d., preface; "Philalethes," _History of Ceylon_, London, 1816, chap, i; H. C. Sirr, _Ceylon and the Cingalese_, London, 1850, Vol. I, chap. ix. On the Hindu knowledge of the Nile see F. Wilford, _Asiatick Researches_, Vol. III, p. 295, Calcutta, 1792. [291] G. Oppert, _On the Ancient Commerce of India_, Madras, 1879, p. 8. [292] Gerhardt, _Etudes_ etc., pp. 8, 11. [293] See Smith's _Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology_. [294] P. M. Sykes, _Ten Thousand Miles in Persia, or Eight Years in Iran_, London, 1902, p. 167. Sykes was the first European to follow the course of Alexander's army across eastern Persia. [295] Buehler, _Indian Br[=a]hma Alphabet_, note, p. 27; _Palaeographie_, p. 2; _Herodoti Halicarnassei historia_, Amsterdam, 1763, Bk. IV, p. 300; Isaac Vossius, _Periplus Scylacis Caryandensis_, 1639. It is doubtful whether the work attributed to Scylax was written by him, but in any case the work dates back to the fourth century B.C. See Smith's _Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography_. [296] Herodotus, Bk. III. [297] Rameses II(?), the _Sesoosis_ of Diodorus Siculus. [298] _Indian Antiquary_, Vol. I, p. 229; F. B. Jevons, _Manual of Greek Antiquities_, London, 1895, p. 386. On the relations, political and commercial, between India and Egypt c. 72 B.C., under Ptolemy Auletes, see the _Journal Asiatique_, 1863, p. 297. [299] Sikandar, as the name still remains in northern India. [300] _Harper's Classical Dict._, New York, 1897, Vol. I, p. 724; F. B. Jevons, loc. cit., p. 389; J. C. Marshman, _Abridgment of the History of India_, chaps. i and ii. [301] Oppert, loc. cit., p. 11. It was at or near this place that the first great Indian mathematician, [=A]ryabha[t.]a, was born in 476 A.D.