[450] Buedinger, loc. cit., p. 10. Nevertheless, in Gerbert's time one Al-Man[s.][=u]r, governing Spain under the name of Hish[=a]m (976-1002), called from the Orient Al-Be[.g][=a]n[=i] to teach his son, so that scholars were recognized. [Picavet, p. 36.] [451] Weissenborn, loc. cit., p. 235. [452] Ibid., p. 234. [453] These letters, of the period 983-997, were edited by Havet, loc. cit., and, less completely, by Olleris, loc. cit. Those touching mathematical topics were edited by Bubnov, loc. cit., pp. 98-106. [454] He published it in the _Monumenta Germaniae historica_, "Scriptores," Vol. III, and at least three other editions have since appeared, viz. those by Guadet in 1845, by Poinsignon in 1855, and by Waitz in 1877. [455] Domino ac beatissimo Patri Gerberto, Remorum archiepiscopo, Richerus Monchus, Gallorum congressibus in volumine regerendis, imperii tui, pater sanctissime Gerberte, auctoritas seminarium dedit. [456] In epistle 17 (Havet collection) he speaks of the "De multiplicatione et divisione numerorum libellum a Joseph Ispano editum abbas Warnerius" (a person otherwise unknown). In epistle 25 he says: "De multiplicatione et divisione numerorum, Joseph Sapiens sententias quasdam edidit." [457] H. Suter, "Zur Frage ueber den Josephus Sapiens," _Bibliotheca Mathematica_, Vol. VIII (2), p. 84; Weissenborn, _Einfuehrung_, p. 14; also his _Gerbert_; M. Steinschneider, in _Bibliotheca Mathematica_, 1893, p. 68. Wallis (_Algebra_, 1685, chap. 14) went over the list of Spanish Josephs very carefully, but could find nothing save that "Josephus Hispanus seu Josephus sapiens videtur aut Maurus fuisse aut alius quis in Hispania." [458] P. Ewald, _Mittheilungen, Neues Archiv d. Gesellschaft fuer aeltere deutsche Geschichtskunde_, Vol. VIII, 1883, pp. 354-364. One of the manuscripts is of 976 A.D. and the other of 992 A.D. See also Franz Steffens, _Lateinische Palaeographie_, Freiburg (Schweiz), 1903, pp. xxxix-xl. The forms are reproduced in the plate on page 140. [459] It is entitled _Constantino suo Gerbertus scolasticus_, because it was addressed to Constantine, a monk of the Abbey of Fleury. The text of the letter to Constantine, preceding the treatise on the Abacus, is given in the _Comptes rendus_, Vol. XVI (1843), p. 295. This book seems to have been written c. 980 A.D. [Bubnov, loc. cit., p. 6.] [460] "Histoire de l'Arithmetique," _Comptes rendus_, Vol. XVI (1843), pp. 156, 281. [461] Loc. cit., _Gerberti Opera_ etc.