[239] Buteo, _Logistica_, Lyons, 1559. See also Wertheim in the _Bibliotheca Mathematica_, 1901, p. 214. [240] "0 est appellee chiffre ou nulle ou figure de nulle valeur." [La Roche, _L'arithmetique_, Lyons, 1520.] [241] "Decima autem figura nihil uocata," "figura nihili (quam etiam cifram uocant)." [Stifel, _Arithmetica integra_, 1544, f. 1.] [242] "Zifra, & Nulla uel figura Nihili." [Scheubel, 1545, p. 1 of ch. 1.] _Nulla_ is also used by Italian writers. Thus Sfortunati (1545 ed., f. 4) says: "et la decima nulla & e chiamata questa decima zero;" Cataldi (1602, p. 1): "La prima, che e o, si chiama nulla, ouero zero, ouero niente." It also found its way into the Dutch arithmetics, e.g. Raets (1576, 1580 ed., f. A_3): "Nullo dat ist niet;" Van der Schuere (1600, 1624 ed., f. 7); Wilkens (1669 ed., p. 1). In Germany Johann Albert (Wittenberg, 1534) and Rudolff (1526) both adopted the Italian _nulla_ and popularized it. (See also Kuckuck, _Die Rechenkunst im sechzehnten Jahrhundert_, Berlin, 1874, p. 7; Guenther, _Geschichte_, p. 316.) [243] "La dixieme s'appelle chifre vulgairement: les vns l'appellant zero: nous la pourrons appeller vn Rien." [Peletier, 1607 ed., p. 14.] [244] It appears in the Polish arithmetic of K[=l]os (1538) as _cyfra_. "The Ciphra 0 augmenteth places, but of himselfe signifieth not," Digges, 1579, p. 1. Hodder (10th ed., 1672, p. 2) uses only this word (cypher or cipher), and the same is true of the first native American arithmetic, written by Isaac Greenwood (1729, p. 1). Petrus de Dacia derives _cyfra_ from circumference. "Vocatur etiam cyfra, quasi circumfacta vel circumferenda, quod idem est, quod circulus non habito respectu ad centrum." [Loc. cit., p. 26.] [245] _Opera mathematica_, 1695, Oxford, Vol. I, chap. ix, _Mathesis universalis_, "De figuris numeralibus," pp. 46-49; Vol. II, _Algebra_, p. 10. [246] Martin, _Origine de notre systeme de numeration ecrite_, note 149, p. 36 of reprint, spells [Greek: tsiphra] from Maximus Planudes, citing Wallis as an authority. This is an error, for Wallis gives the correct form as above.