526 =Psamthek III.=--In his second year he was defeated by Cambyses at Pelusium and Memphis. Egypt a Persian province, 525-405 B.C. XXVIITH DYNASTY, 525-405 B.C. 525 The Persian Cambyses tolerates the religion, maintains temples, and does all he can to conciliate the people. Leaves Egypt in charge of the first satrap Aryandes. Cambyses, in his rage, after an unsuccessful expedition against Napata, orders destruction of temples, etc. 521 Darius I.--Works hard to conciliate the people. 488 Egyptians revolt and expel Persians. Set up a native ruler, =Khabbosh=, who holds out for three years. 485 The Persian Xerxes I.--Reconquers Egypt and appoints Achæmenes, his brother, governor. 464 Artaxerxes I. 460 Inarus, King of Libya, aids Egyptians to rise against Persia. Battle of Papramis. Memphis captured, but Persians regain supremacy. 424 Xerxes II. Darius II. Continued endeavours of Egyptians to throw off Persian yoke. XXVIIITH DYNASTY, 405-399 B.C. 405 =Amen-Rut.=--A native prince in revolt against Persia, on death of Darius II becomes practically independent. At his death the government passes to the prince of Mendes. XXIXTH DYNASTY, 399-378 B.C. 399 =Nia-faa-urut I.= 393 =Haker.= 380 =Psa-mut.=--Ally themselves with enemies of Persia. 379 =Nia-faa-urut II.= XXXTH DYNASTY, 378-340 B.C. 378 =Nectanebo I.=--Defeats Persians and Greeks at Mendes. This victory secures peace for some years. Revival of art. 364 =Tachus.=--Wars with Persia. 361 =Nectanebo II.=--The Persians again invade Egypt, at first unsuccessfully. XXXIST DYNASTY, 340-332 B.C. 340 Ochus (Artaxerxes III).--Defeats Nectanebo at Pelusium. Nectanebo flees to Napata. Ochus proves a cruel governor. 332 Alexander the Great appears at Pelusium. The Persians surrender without a struggle. Beginning of Greek dominion. FOOTNOTES [1] [For a full discussion of Egyptian chronology, see Appendix B.] CHAPTER I. THE EGYPTIAN RACE AND ITS ORIGIN Egypt is a long Contree; but it is streyt, that is to seye narrow; for thei may not enlargen it toward the Desert, for defaute of Watre. And the Contree is sett along upon the Ryvere of Nyle; be als much as that Ryvere may serve be Flodes or otherwise that whanne it flowethe it may spreden abrood thorghe the Contree; so is the Contree large of Lengthe. For there it reyneth not but litylle in the Contree; and for that Cause, they have no Watre, but zif it be of that Flood of that Ryvere. And for als moche as it ne reyeneth not in that Contree, but the Eyr is alwey pure and clear, therefor in that Contree ben the gode Astronomyeres; for thei fynde there no Cloudes to letten hem.--_The voyage and travile of Sir John Maundeville, Kt._