The historians' history of the world in twenty-five volumes, volume 03 : $b Greece to the Peloponnesian War
History
The historians' history of the world in twenty-five volumes, volume 03 : $b Greece to the Peloponnesian War
World history
Even if it be granted that these Mycenæan cities were settled by
immigrants who came by sea, it does not follow that they were originally
a sea-faring folk. The primitive Dorians were hardly a maritime people,
yet Grote has shown that their conquest of the Peloponnesus was in
part effected by means of a fleet which launched from the Malian Gulf;
and their kinsmen, who settled in Melos, Thera, and Crete, in all
probability, sailed straight from the same northern port.
The Minyæ, who founded Orchomenos, Curtius regards as pre-eminently a
seafaring race; and he seeks to account for their inland settlement by
assuming that they were quick to realise the wealth to be won by draining
and tilling the swamp. But this is hardly tenable. Whatever our estimate
of Minyan shrewdness, they must have had their experience in reclaiming
swamp land yet to acquire and on this ground. It was the outcome of
age-long effort in winning new fields from the waters and guarding them
when won. The region invited settlement because it offered the kind of
security to which they were wonted; the winning of wealth was not the
motive but the fortunate result.
Again, if the Mycenæans had been from the outset a maritime
race we should expect to find the ship figuring freely in their
art-representations. But this is far from being the case. We have,
at last, one apparent instance of the kind on a terra-cotta fragment
found in the acropolis at Mycenæ in 1892. On this we seem to have a
boat, with oars and rudder, and curved fore and aft like the Homeric
νῆες ἀμφιέλισσαι. Below appear what we may take to be dolphins. But
this unique example can hardly establish the maritime character of the
Mycenæans.
Along with this unfamiliarity with ships, we have to remark also their
abstinence from fish. In the remains of Tiryns and Mycenæ we have found
neither a fish-hook nor a fish-bone, though we do find oysters and other
shellfish such as no doubt could be had in abundance along the adjacent
shores. In the primitive remains of the Italian _terramare_ there is
the same absence of anything that would suggest fishing or fish-eating;
and, indeed, linguistic evidence confirms these observations. Greek and
Latin have no common term for fish; and we may fairly conclude that
the Græco-Italic stock before the separation were neither fishermen or
fish-eaters. That they were slow to acquire a taste for fish, even after
the separation, is attested not only by the negative evidence of their
remains in the Argolid and on the Po but by the curious reticence of
Homer. His heroes never go fishing but once and then only in the last
pinch of famine--“when the bread was all spent from out the ship and
hunger gnawed at their belly.”
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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