The historians' history of the world in twenty-five volumes, volume 05 : $b the Roman Republic
History
The historians' history of the world in twenty-five volumes, volume 05 : $b the Roman Republic
World history
The line of the mound or rampart may still be distinctly traced, and
the course and extent of the walls can be sufficiently ascertained;
but very few remains are left of the actual building. But the masonry
with which the bank of the Tiber was built up, a work ascribed to the
elder Tarquinius, and resembling the works of the Babylonian kings along
the banks of the Euphrates, is still visible. So also are the massy
substructions of the Capitoline temple, which were made in order to form
a level surface for the building to stand on, upon one of the two summits
of the Capitoline Hill. Above all, enough is still to be seen of the
great cloaca or drain, to assure us that the accounts left us of it are
not exaggerated. The foundations of this work were laid about forty feet
under ground, its branches were carried under a great part of the city,
and brought at last into one grand trunk which ran down into the Tiber
exactly to the west of the Palatine Hill. It thus drained the waters of
the low grounds on both sides of the Palatine; of the Velabrum, between
the Palatine and the Aventine; and of the site of the Forum between the
Palatine and the Capitoline. The stone employed in the cloaca is in
itself a mark of the great antiquity of the work; it is not the peperino
of Gabii and the Alban hills, which was the common building stone in the
time of the commonwealth; much less the travertino, or limestone of the
neighbourhood of Tibur, the material used in the great works of the early
emperors; but it is the stone found in Rome itself, a mass of volcanic
materials coarsely cemented together, which afterwards was supplanted by
the finer quality of the peperino. Such a work as the cloaca proves the
greatness of the power which effected it, as well as the character of its
government. It was wrought by task-work, like the great works of Egypt;
and stories were long current of the misery and degradation which it
brought upon the people during its progress. But this task-work for these
vast objects shows a strong and despotic government, which had at its
command the whole resources of the people; and such a government could
hardly have existed, unless it had been based upon some considerable
extent of dominion.
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