The historians' history of the world in twenty-five volumes, volume 05 : $b the Roman Republic
History
The historians' history of the world in twenty-five volumes, volume 05 : $b the Roman Republic
World history
but a fifth class divided into thirty centuries, and consisting of those
whose property was between 25,000 pounds of copper and 12,500, formed the
regular light-armed infantry of the army, and were required to provide
themselves with darts and slings.[15]
The poorest citizens, whose property fell short of 12,500 pounds, were
considered in a manner as supernumeraries in this division. Those who
had more than 1,500 pounds of copper, were still reckoned amongst the
taxpayers (_assidui_), and were formed into two centuries, called the
accensi and velati. They followed the army, but without bearing arms,
being only required to step into the places of those who fell; and in
the meantime acting as orderlies to the centurions and decurions. Below
these came one century of the proletarii, whose property was between
1,500 pounds and 375 pounds. These paid no taxes, and in ordinary times
had no military duty; but on great emergencies arms were furnished them
by the government, and they were called out as an extraordinary levy. One
century more included all whose property was less than 375 pounds, and
who were called capite censi; and from these last no military service was
at any time required, as we are told, till a late period of the republic.
Three centuries of a different character from all the rest remain to
be described, centuries defined not by the amount of their property,
but by the nature of their occupation; those of carpenters and smiths
(_fabrorum_); of hornblowers (_cornicines_); and of trumpeters
(_tubicines_), or, as Cicero calls them (_liticines_). The first of these
was attached to the centuries of the first class, the other two to the
fourth. The nature of their callings so connected them with the service
of the army, that this peculiar distinction was granted to them.[16]
The position held in the comitia by the patricians’ clients is involved
in great obscurity. We know that they had votes, and probably they must
have been enrolled in the classes according to the amount of their
property, without reference to its nature: at the same time Niebuhr[c]
thinks that they did not serve in the regular infantry along with the
plebeians. It would seem from the story of the three hundred Fabii, and
from the adventures related of Caius Marcius, that the clients followed
their lords to the field at their bidding, and formed a sort of feudal
force quite distinct from the national army of the commons, like the
retainers of the nobles in the Middle Ages, as distinguished from the
free burghers of the cities.
Such is the account transmitted to us of the constitution of the comitia
of centuries. As their whole organisation was military, so they were
accustomed to meet without the city, in the Field of Mars; they were
called together, not by lictors, like the comitia of the curiæ, but by
the blast of the horn: and their very name was “the Army of the City,”
_Exercitus Urbanus_.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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