The historians' history of the world in twenty-five volumes, volume 05 : $b the Roman Republic
History
The historians' history of the world in twenty-five volumes, volume 05 : $b the Roman Republic
World history
The plebeian legions, infuriated by the story of the outrage, as related
by Virginius, advanced on the city and invested the Aventine. Icilius in
concert with the liberal patricians, L. Valerius Potitus and M. Horatius
Barbatus, had already organised a party in Rome; and as the decemvirs,
supported by a contingent of the old citizens, persisted in their refusal
to relinquish their office, the plebeians, on the advice of M. Duilius,
again withdrew in a body to the Sacred Mount on the Anio. This new
secession forced the decemvirs to resign; and by means of negotiations
with the senate carried on by Valerius and Horatius in the summer of
449, important concessions were gained, which assured--the old order of
things having meanwhile been resumed--the future position of the plebs
in the Roman state. As before there were appointed two magistrates
(Valerius and Horatius being the first to fill this office) elected by
the free choice of the citizens, to whom the name consul was now for the
first time properly applied, and the plebs were again represented by
their tribunes. The only legacy of the decemvirs to be taken up was the
new system of laws, the complete revision and codification of all the
legal forms and processes that had hitherto been current in Rome. In the
“Twelve Tables” the whole Roman people had now a just and uniform code of
marriage, property, civil, and criminal laws.[28] Apparently an attempt
was made to mitigate their severity in certain respects; but the law of
debtor and creditor still remained extremely harsh, and the maintenance
of the prohibition against marriage between patricians and plebeians,
with the denial of all legal rights to the issue of such marriages, kept
alive the most intense phase of the animosity felt toward each other
by the divided classes. On the other hand the new statutes sought to
overthrow the former evil practices in consequence of which patricians
and plebeians accused of capital political crimes were certain to receive
severe sentence, the first from the tribal assembly, the second from
the curiata. Hereafter the centuriate assembly was to be the sole organ
of the people’s will in the trial and judgment of criminal offences. It
was apparently at this epoch also that the Romans first caused their raw
supplies of copper ore to be minted in copper coins.
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