The historians' history of the world in twenty-five volumes, volume 06 : $b the early Roman Empire
History
The historians' history of the world in twenty-five volumes, volume 06 : $b the early Roman Empire
World history
In his letter of thanks to the senate, Tiberius talked of the danger he
was in, and of the plots of his enemies, evidently alluding to Agrippina
and Nero. These unfortunate persons lost their only remaining refuge
the following year (29) by the death of the prince’s mother, Julia
Augusta,[13] whose influence over her son, and regard for her own
descendants, had held Sejanus in restraint. This soon appeared by the
arrival of a letter from Tiberius, accusing Nero of unnatural practices,
and speaking of the arrogance of Agrippina; but while the senate were in
debate, the people surrounded the house, carrying the images of Agrippina
and Nero, and crying out that the letter was forged, and the prince
deceived. Nothing therefore was done on that day, and Sejanus took the
opportunity of irritating the mind of Tiberius, who wrote again to the
senate; but as in the letter he forbade their proceeding to extremes,
they passed a decree, declaring themselves prepared to avenge the prince,
were they not hindered by himself.
[Sidenote: [29-31 A.D.]]
Most unfortunately the admirable narrative of Tacitus fails us at
this point; and for the space of more than two years, and those the
most important of the reign of Tiberius, we are obliged to derive our
knowledge of events from the far inferior notices of Dion Cassius and
Suetonius. We are therefore unable to display the arts by which Sejanus
effected the ruin of Agrippina and her children, and can only learn that
she was relegated to the isle of Pandataria, where, while she gave vent
to her indignation, her eye was struck out by a centurion; and that Nero
was placed in the isle of Pontia, and forced to terminate his own life.
The further fate of Agrippina and Drusus we shall have to relate.
Sejanus now revelled in the enjoyment of power; every one feared him,
every one courted and flattered him. “In a word,” says Dion,[o] “he
seemed to be emperor, Tiberius merely the ruler of an island”; for while
the latter dwelt in solitude and apparently unthought of, the doors of
the former were thronged every morning with saluting crowds, and the
first men of Rome attended him on his way to the senate. His pride and
insolence, as is always the case with those who rise otherwise than by
merit, kept pace with his power, and men hated while they feared and
flattered him.[e]
Let us cite an instance of this fulsome flattery from the pages of the
contemporary chronicler, Velleius Paterculus, a Roman who had served nine
years as a soldier in Germany, and who had been military tribune and
afterwards quæstor and prætor. The panegyric with which Velleius closes
his _Epitome of Roman History_ eulogises Sejanus along with the emperor
himself, and his mother. This eulogium is worth transcribing at length
as it illustrates the contrast between contemporary estimates--be they
candid or hypocritical--and the judgment of posterity.[a]
VELLEIUS PATERCULUS EULOGISES TIBERIUS
[Sidenote: [14-37 A.D.]]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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