2 About this date Urania and =Phraates V= (or =Phraataces=) murder Phraates IV. Phraataces expels Artavasdes III from Armenia and puts Tigranes IV on the throne. He also deposes Ariobarzanes II of Atropatene (Media), who was established on that throne by Augustus about 10 B.C. A line of Parthian princes succeed in Atropatene. A.D. 1 Augustus makes terms with Phraates, who resigns all claims on Armenia and sends his sons to Rome as hostages. 2 Phraataces marries his mother, in consequence of which 4 he is deposed and takes refuge in Rome. The Parthians bring back an exiled prince, =Orodes II=, and make him king. He proves a cruel ruler, and for this reason about 9 is murdered. The Parthians apply to Rome and receive =Vonones I=, eldest son of Phraates IV, as their king. His long residence in Rome and foreign sympathies make him unpopular in Parthia, and 11 =Artabanus III=, an Arsacid on his mother’s side and who had been king of Media (Atropatene), is set up as a pretender. He is unsuccessful at first, but finally defeats Vonones at Ctesiphon. The latter flees and is chosen king of Armenia in 16. Tiberius persuades him to give up this throne. 19 After death of Germanicus, Artabanus begins to treat the Romans with contempt, and places his son Arsaces on the throne of Armenia. He makes so severe a ruler that 35 the Parthians apply to Tiberius, who finds himself compelled to interfere. He induces Pharasmanes, king of Iberia, to put forward his brother Mithridates as a claimant to the Armenian throne. War results. 36 A widespread revolt instigated by Tiberius puts Tiridates, grandson of Phraates IV, on the throne and Artabanus flees. 37 Artabanus comes to terms with Rome and is restored. 40 Death of Artabanus. His son =Vardanes= succeeds, but is deposed 41 by =Gotarzes=, chief official of Artabanus. 42 Vardanes recovers throne, owing to Gotarzes’ cruelties. Civil war results. 43 Vardanes captures Seleucia, and Gotarzes retires to Hyrcania. 45 Gotarzes makes unsuccessful attempt to regain throne. 46 Vardanes murdered while hunting. Gotarzes again takes throne. 47 On account of Gotarzes’ misrule, the Parthians ask Claudius to give them Meherdates (Mithridates V) son of Vonones as king. 50 Gotarzes captures Meherdates on his way to Parthia. 51 Death of Gotarzes succeeded by =Vonones II=, formerly king of Media and probably brother of Artabanus III. 54 Death of Vonones succeeded by his eldest son, =Vologases I=, who is the son of a concubine; but to compensate his brothers, Vologases puts Pacorus on the throne of Media and Tiridates on that of Armenia--having deposed Radamistus the usurper from the latter country. A son of Vardanes contests the throne with Vologases and apparently has the upper hand for a while.