685 Death of Merwan. His son, =Abdul-Malik=, succeeds. Peace with the emperor Justinian II. 685-687 Rebellion of Mukhtar. He is defeated and slain. 689 Abdul-Malik has Amru put to death. 692 Death of Ibn Zobair. The Omayyad rule is recognised without dispute. 692-693 The Mohammedans ravage Asia Minor and Armenia, but are compelled to accept peace. 695 The peace is broken. Arabic coinage first substituted for that of the Byzantine Empire. 697-698 Hassan’s invasion of Africa. Carthage taken. The last remnants of the Roman Empire disappear from the southern shore of the Mediterranean. 705 Death of Abdul-Malik and succession of his brother, =Walid I=, already designated as heir to the caliphate. His reign marks the culminating glory of the Omayyads. Schools founded, and public works of all kinds promoted. 709 Conquest of Tyana by the Mohammedans. 711 Invasion of Spain at instigation of Julian, governor of Ceuta. Battle of Xerxes. Tarik destroys the Visigothic kingdom. 712 The Mohammedans take Antioch in Pisidia. In these years great success of the generals Kotaiba and Muhammed b. Kasim in Asia. 715 Death of Walid and accession of =Suleiman=, the predesignated heir. 716 The Mohammedans invade Asia Minor. Siege of Amorium. The town is relieved by Leo the Isaurian. 717 Siege of Pergamus. Siege of Constantinople. Death of Suleiman. The appointed heir =Omar II=, grandson of Merwan I, succeeds. 718 Repulse of the Mohammedans from Constantinople. In revenge the caliph excludes all Christians from service in the state. Omar’s reign is not distinguished by any important warlike events. It marks the beginning of the Abbasid movement in favour of the descendants of Abbas, uncle of the prophet, acquiring the caliphate. 720 Death of Omar. =Yazid II=, son of Abdul-Malik, succeeds. Yazid b. Muhallab, who has been in disgrace for some years, collects a small army and takes Basra (Bassora). 721 Death of Ibn Muhallab in battle. The Mohammedans cross the Pyrenees and capture Narbonne, but, defeated at Toulouse, they retire under Abd ar-Rahman. 724 Death of Yazid. His son =Hisham=, the appointed heir, succeeds. He is a severe and pious ruler. 725 Abbasid revolt at Balkh. Abbasid troubles continue. 726 The Mohammedans invade Cappadocia. 734 Mohammedan invasion of Asia Minor. 737 Peace restored in the Abbasid faction. 739 Great Moslem defeat by the Byzantines at Acroinon. Death of Sid (Said) al-Battal. The Saracen power ceases to be formidable to the empire. 743 Death of Hisham. His nephew, =Walid II=, succeeds. Walid’s debaucheries and irreligion make him hated. Yazid, son of Walid I, assumes title of caliph, and is received at Damascus, in absence of Walid.