862 Death of Muntasir, probably by poison. His cousin, Akhmed, who takes name of =Mustain=, is chosen to succeed by the Turkish soldiery. 863 Great victory of the Byzantines over the Moslems at Amasia. Death of the general, Omar. Peace for some years results. 866 The Turks revolt against Mustain and choose his brother, =Motazz=, caliph. Surrender of Motazz, who is put to death. He tries to free himself of the yoke of the Turkish soldiery. 869 The Turks besiege the caliph, who is imprisoned and dies. =Mutahdi=, son of Wathik, is chosen caliph. He tries in vain to reform the empire. 870 Mutahdi slain by the Turks. =Mutamid=, son of Mutawakkil, chosen as caliph. He reduces the power of the Turkish soldiery, and re-establishes capital at Baghdad. 872 The Tahirites overthrown in Persia, and the Saffarid dynasty founded. War with Byzantines recommences. 878 Akhmed b. Tulun, governor of Egypt, makes himself independent, and founds Tulunite dynasty that lasts until 905. 887-888 Mohammedan invasions of Asia Minor. 892 Death of Mutamid. His nephew, =Mutadid=, succeeds. Rise of the Karmathian sect, inimical to the pomp of the Baghdad court. Turkestan becomes independent under Samani, who afterwards conquers Persia and extinguishes the Saffarid dynasty. 894 The Karmathians having ravaged Mecca, the caliph rebuilds the city. 902 Death of Mutadid, leaving the throne to his son, =Muktafi=. Struggles with the Karmathians. They plunder the pilgrimage to Mecca and slay twenty thousand pilgrims. They are badly defeated and remain quiet for a while. 904 The Mohammedans capture Thessalonica. 905 Muktafi takes Egypt from the Tulunites and gives it to the Ikhshidites. 908 Death of Muktafi. His son, =Muktadir=, succeeds. Rebellion in favour of Abdallah b. Motazz is put down and Abdallah killed. Muktadir is a weak caliph, who leaves the government to his ministers. Establishment of the Fatimite dynasty in Egypt and Africa. It subverts the Aglabite and Edrisite dynasties. During the remainder of Muktadir’s reign, the Byzantines invade Mesopotamia and the Karmathians recommence their disorders. The caliph’s inaction and indolence cause a reaction against him. 930 He is deposed and his brother, Kahir, made caliph, but he recovers the throne. Revolt of Mosul and foundation of the Hamdanite dynasty in Mesopotamia. The Karmathians seize Mecca and carry off the Black Stone of the Kaaba. 932 Death of Muktadir in battle with his rebellious minister, Munis. His brother, =Kahir=, succeeds. 933 Foundation of the Buyid dynasty in Persia. The caliphate is reduced to the province of Baghdad.