The historians' history of the world in twenty-five volumes, volume 10 : $b Spain and Portugal
History
The historians' history of the world in twenty-five volumes, volume 10 : $b Spain and Portugal
World history
To profit by this victory, the Portuguese monarch commanded his barons to
make an irruption into Castile, while he himself despatched to the duke
of Lancaster a circumstantial account of this signal success. The latter
now burned to assert his rights by other means than threats, or by the
mere report of his preparations; he actually left England, with a small
but choice armament (about fifteen hundred knights, and as many archers),
accompanied by his wife, the lady Constanza, and his three daughters. In
July, 1386, he appeared off the coast of Galicia, and ultimately landed
at El Padron; thence he proceeded to Santiago, where he was solemnly
proclaimed king of Castile and Leon. In an interview with the king of
Portugal, on the confines of the two states, both entered into a treaty
offensive and defensive; and, to cement it the more strongly, agreed that
the king should marry Philippa, daughter of the duke.
In the meantime, the Castilian was not idle: he had obtained succours
from his constant ally the French king and encouragement from Clement
VII, the rival of Urban. In the spring of 1387, the duke and the
Portuguese king arrived at Benavente; but their progress was stayed
by the plague, which daily made great ravages in their ranks. After
the conquest of a few towns and fortresses, the allied army retired
into Portugal. The duke himself was seriously indisposed in body, and
consequently dispirited. Their retreat was hastened by intelligence of
the troubles which raged in England, and which ended in the imprisonment,
and eventually the death of the unfortunate Richard II. The Castilian
king dreaded the resumption of hostilities at a more favourable period.
He proposed to the Plantagenet the marriage of his eldest son, Henry,
with Catherine, daughter of the duke, by the princess Constanza, and,
consequently, granddaughter of Pedro the Cruel. To this overture the duke
lent a favourable ear; towards the close of the year the conditions were
definitively arranged at Bayonne. The principal were that, if Henry died
before the consummation of the marriage, the princess should be given
to the next son, Don Ferdinand; that Constanza, mother of the princess,
should receive in fief five or six towns in Castile, besides a revenue
of 40,000 francs per annum; that the duke should receive 600,000 in
gold, by instalments, as an indemnification for the expenses of the war;
that both Constanza and her husband should renounce all claim to the
Castilian crown; and that hostages should be given him as a security for
the due performance of the first three. Thus, if the personal ambition
of the Plantagenet remained without gratification, he had at least the
satisfaction of seeing one of his daughters queen of Portugal, and the
other destined to the throne of Castile. Early in the following year,
Catherine, who was in her fourteenth year, was betrothed to Henry, who
was only in his ninth, and who on this occasion assumed the title of
prince of the Asturias.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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