The Historical Child: Paidology; The Science of the ChildChrisman, Oscar
History
The Historical Child: Paidology; The Science of the Child
Chrisman, Oscar
Children; Manners and customs
There were no theatrical entertainments in the early times of Rome. In
364 B. C., during a plague which could not be stopped, to appease the
wrath of the gods scenic performances were first introduced into Rome.
Actors from Etruria were brought to Rome, who gave mimic dances to the
accompaniment of a flute. For a long time there were no theaters erected
at Rome, a temporary wooden stage being erected for the occasion. Later
wooden theaters were built and then torn down after the performances
were over, being used but one time. The first stone theater was built on
the Campus Martius in 55 B. C. by Pompey, and which was large enough to
hold 40,000 people. Comedies, tragedies, and pantomimes were given.
Tragedy was never popular with the masses as they were too much used to
seeing real tragedies enacted in the arena for any great impression to
be made upon them by the imitations of the stage. Pantomime attained to
the most significance of all performances upon the Roman stage and
especially under the empire. The professional actors were mostly slaves
and freedmen or natives of other countries, as there was a prejudice
against the profession in Rome. Noted actors were paid high fees for
their performances. Many of the most famous actors belonged to the
imperial households.
The last of the great spectacles were the athletic, literary and musical
contests. These contests were not common under the republic but they
grew on the people till they became popular under the empire. Athletic
contests were first introduced into Rome at the same time as the exhibit
of wild animals and by the same person, in 186 B. C., by Marcus Fulvius
Nobilior, who brought athletes from Greece for the purpose. These
contests continued to be given and they increased in popularity till a
stadium for them was built in 28 B. C. on the Campus Martius and the
demand from the people became so great that the officials who provided
the state games included athletic contests with the other games. The
Capitoline Agon was instituted by Domitian in 86 A. D., and it took rank
with the Olympian. For these contests he built a stadium large enough to
accommodate 30,000 or more spectators. There were contests in oratory
and poetry, in music, and in athletics. The oratorical contests ceased
in later times, but those in poetry increased in importance and the most
talented poets in the empire competed for the prize of oak-wreath,
bestowed by the emperor upon the winner after the decision of the
judges. The gymnastic contests for men and boys were the same as in
Greece. The Spartan custom of races for girls was introduced but soon
discontinued because of the feeling against it.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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