"Still much more obscure is a child-pilgrimage of 1458, of which the motives were quite clearly religious. It is probably, at present, almost impossible to trace the chain of ideas which occasioned it; it is enough that it was in honor of the Archangel Michael. More than 100 children from Hall, in Suabia, set out, against the will of their parents, for Mont St. Michel in Normandy. They could not by any means be restrained, and if force was employed, they fell severely ill, and some even died. The mayor, unable to prevent the journey, kindly furnished them a guide for the long journey, and an ass to carry their luggage. They are said to have actually reached the then world-renowned Abbey, and to have performed their devotions there. We have absolutely no other information of them, and it appears that this child-pilgrimage, which falls to the time when chorea was very frequent and widely spread in Germany, has excited even much less attention than the migration of the children of Erfurt in the year 1237."[220] LITERATURE. 1. Abram, A., English life and manners in the later middle ages. 2. Adams, George Burton, Civilization during the middle ages. 3. Anderson, Lewis F., History of common school education. 4. Bémont, Charles, and Monod, G., Medieval Europe. 5. Bury, J. B., A history of the later Roman empire. 6. Compayré, Gabriel, A history of pedagogy. 7. Cornish, F. Ware, Chivalry. 8. Davidson, Thomas A., A history of education. 9. Davis, H. W. C., Medieval Europe. 10. Dean, Amos, The history of civilization. 11. Donaldson, James, Woman: Her position and influence in ancient Greece and Rome and among the early Christians. 12. Emerton, Ephraim, Medieval Europe. 13. Finck, Henry F., Romantic love and personal beauty. 14. Froude, James Anthony, History of England from the fall of Wolsey to the death of Elizabeth. 15. Garnier, Russell M., Annals of the British peasantry. 16. Graves, Frank Pierrepont, A history of education, During the middle ages. 17. Gray, George Zabriskie, The children's crusade. 18. Guizot, Francis Pierre Guillaume, General history of civilization in Europe. 19. Hallam, Henry, View of the state of Europe during the middle ages. 20. Hecker, J. F. C, The epidemics of the middle ages. 21. Laurie, S. S., The rise and early constitution of universities. 22. Lacroix, Paul, Manners, customs, and dress during the middle ages. 23. Letourneau, Ch., The evolution of marriage. 24. Michaud, Joseph François, The history of the crusades. 25. Mullinger, J. B., The schools of Charles the Great. 26. Neal, Daniel, The history of the Puritans. 27. Payne, George Henry, The child in human progress. 28. Rait, Robert S., Life in the medieval university. 29. Sheldon, Henry D., Student life and customs. 30. Thwing, Charles Franklin, The family. 31. Traill, H. D., Social England. CHAPTER XII THE CHILD IN EARLIER UNITED STATES