The Historical Child: Paidology; The Science of the ChildChrisman, Oscar
History
The Historical Child: Paidology; The Science of the Child
Chrisman, Oscar
Children; Manners and customs
The baby boy was greatly welcomed upon his arrival into the family,
while the baby girl might not only be unwelcomed but very greatly
undesired. This was mostly because girls counted for so little as they
would marry and then no longer belong to their family but entirely to
the family of their husband. Boys would not only become the support of
their family but they might have opportunity to acquire learning and
thus add dignity and honor to their family. Too, there was great need of
sons to carry on the ancestral worship and if not born into the family
they must be procured through adoption or by means of concubines.
Without a son a man would live without honor and would die unhappy. No
matter how good or how beautiful a girl might become, she could never
equal the very poorest and weakest boy.
=Child and Parent.= While his parents were alive, a son should continue
to obey them, was the doctrine of the classics, the laws, and the
customs of China. But a daughter, after she was married, was not subject
to her own parents but to her husband's parents. Although instances were
rare, parents had the right to bring their children before magistrates
for aid in controlling and punishing them. With all this, it would seem
that the children were not greatly disciplined nor did they give prompt
obedience to their parents.
Public sentiment, especially in the older times of China, was strongly
against the individual who would not accord to his parents due respect
and obedience. No matter how old, how educated, or how wealthy he might
become this respect and obedience was still due his parents. Confucius
taught: "That parents when alive should be served according to
propriety, that when dead they should be buried according to propriety,
and that they should be sacrificed to according to propriety."[86]
"If a son should murder his parent, either father or mother, and be
convicted of the crime, he would not only be beheaded, but his body
would be mutilated by being cut into small pieces; his house would be
razed to the ground, and the earth under it would be dug up for several
feet deep; his neighbors living on the right and the left would be
severely punished; his principal teacher would suffer capital
punishment; the district magistrate of the place would be deprived of
his office and disgraced; the prefect, the governor of the province, and
the viceroy would all be degraded three degrees in rank. All this is
done and suffered to mark the enormity of the crime of a parricide."[87]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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