The conquerors who wrought this change were our own forefathers, the Low-Dutch inhabitants of the border lands of Germany and Denmark, quite away from the Roman frontier; and among them three tribes, the _Angles_, the _Saxons_, and the _Jutes_, had the chief share in the conquest of Britain. ♦Saxons.♦ The Saxons had, as has already been said, attempted a settlement in the fourth century. They were therefore the tribe who were first known to the Roman and Celtic inhabitants of the island; the Celts of Britain and Ireland have therefore called all the Teutonic settlers _Saxons_ to this day. ♦Origin of the name _English_.♦ But, as the Angles or _English_ occupied in the end much the greater part of the land, it was they who, when the Teutonic tribes in Britain began to form one nation, gave their name to that nation and its land. That nation was the _English_, and their land was _England_. While _Britain_ therefore remains the proper geographical name of the whole island, _England_ is the name of that part of Britain which was step by step conquered by the English. Before the end of the fifth century several Teutonic kingdoms had begun in Britain. ♦Jutes in Kent. A.D. 449.♦ The Jutes began the conquest by their settlement in _Kent_, and presently the _Saxons_ began to settle on the South coast and on a small part of the East coast, in _Sussex_, _Wessex_, and _Essex_. ♦Saxon and Anglian settlements.♦ And along a great part of the eastern coast various _Anglian_ settlements were made, which gradually grew into the kingdoms of _East-Anglia_, _Deira_, and _Bernicia_, which two last formed by their union the great kingdom of _Northumberland_. But, at the end of the sixth century, the English had not got very far from the southern and eastern coasts. ♦The Welsh and Scots.♦ The Britons, whom the English called _Welsh_ or strangers, held out in the West, and the Picts and Scots in the North. The _Scots_ were properly the people of Ireland; but a colony of them had settled on the western coast of northern Britain, and, in the end, they gave the name of Scotland to the whole North of the island. § 5. _The Eastern Empire._ ♦Contrast between the Eastern and Western Empires.♦