The Historical Growth of the English Parish ChurchThompson, A. Hamilton (Alexander Hamilton)
History
The Historical Growth of the English Parish Church
Thompson, A. Hamilton (Alexander Hamilton)
Church architecture -- England
§ 51. At the east end of each aisle, as has been shewn, there was
very frequently an altar. This was enclosed within screens, shutting
off, as a rule, the eastern part of the aisle. The screens remain at
Dennington, where the loft above the rood screen was continued round
them, with fine effect. At Wolborough in south Devon, the side screens
also project from the main screen; and, in many cases where the screens
themselves have disappeared, holes in the adjacent columns, vertical
grooves in the bases, and other similar signs, bear witness to their
former existence. All the side altars of a church would be fenced in
by screens. In large churches, such as Grantham, there was often more
than one chapel in an aisle: the north and south aisles of the nave at
Grantham contained at least two chapels each. There were four chapels
in the south aisle at Ludlow, three in the north: the transepts each
contained two chapels; and, in addition to these, five of the arches of
the nave had chapels beneath them, while the altar of the Cross stood
at the east end of the nave in front of the tower.
§ 52. A nave like this would be broken up by a great variety of
screen-work; for the clear vista from end to end and side to side of
a building, so dear to the restorer of the middle of the nineteenth
century, formed no part of the medieval ideal. A space, however, would
be kept clear near the pulpit, which, at Ludlow, stood west of the
first pier from the east of the north arcade. The stone pulpit at
Cirencester is in much the same position; at Wolverhampton, it is on
the south side of the nave; at Nantwich it is against the north-east
pier; at Holy Trinity, Coventry, against the south-east pier of the
central tower. The medieval pulpits of Devonshire stand just west
of the rood screen; some, like Kenton, on the north; others, like
Dartmouth, on the south side of the entrance. The sermon was hardly
so prominent a feature in the services of the medieval church as it
became at a later date; but many medieval pulpits remain, and those at
Wolverhampton and Coventry, in particular, are imposing structures. The
regular furniture of the nave was completed by the pulpit. However,
there are some other features to notice. Each altar, or, at any rate,
each of the more important altars, would have its own piscina: the
chantries at the ends of the aisles sometimes had their own sedile or
sedilia. On a bracket near, or in a niche behind each altar, would be
a figure, carved and painted, of the saint to whom it was dedicated;
and before certain altars where a light or lights were maintained
there would be hanging lamps or stands for candles according to the
endowment. Thomas Sibthorpe, when he founded his chapels at Beckingham,
provided for lights before each altar: in the chantry certificates made
under the chantry act of Edward VI, many notices are found of stocks of
money by which lights were maintained to burn before specified altars.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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