league; for at the end of the Persian war they sent an army, which arrived too late for the battle of Platæa;(768) having before, together with the other Arcadians, helped to defend the Isthmus;(769) they had also been engaged in the first days of the action at Thermopylae;(770) and they were at this time still the faithful allies of the Lacedæmonians.(771) Their subsequent defection from Sparta may be attributed partly to their endeavours to obtain the dominion of Parrhasia, which was protected by Lacedæmon;(772) to their hostility with Tegea,(773) which remained true to Sparta after the great war with Arcadia, which began about 470 B.C. and to the strengthening of their city (συνοικισμὸς), and the establishment of a democratic government, through the influence of Argos.(774) 2. The supremacy of Sparta(775) was exercised in the expeditions of the whole confederacy, and in transactions of the same nature. In the first, a Spartan king—after it had been thought proper never to send out two together—was commander-in-chief, in whose powers there were many remains of the authority of the ancient Homeric princes. Occasionally, however, Sparta was compelled to give up her privilege to other commanders, especially at sea, as, for instance, the fleet at Salamis to Eurybiades. When any expedition was contemplated, the Spartans sent round to the confederate states,(776) to desire them to have men and stores in readiness.(777) The highest amount which each state could be called on to supply was fixed once for all, and it was only on each particular occasion to be determined what part of that was required.(778) In like manner, the supplies in money and stores were regularly appointed;(779) so that an army, with all its equipment, could be collected by a simple summons. But agricultural labour, festivals, and the natural slowness of the Doric race, often very much retarded the assembling of this army. The contributions, chiefly perhaps voluntary, both of states and individuals, were registered on stone: and there is still extant an inscription found at Tegea, in which the war supplies of the Ephesians, Melians, &c, in money and in corn, are recorded.(780) But the Lacedæmonians never exacted from the Peloponnesian confederacy a regular annual contribution, independent of circumstances; which would have been in fact a tribute: a measure of this kind being once proposed to king Archidamus, he answered, “that war did not consume according to rule.(781)” Pericles, however, properly considers it as a disadvantage to the Peloponnesians that they had no paid troops, and that neither in common nor in the several states they had amassed any treasure.(782) The object of an expedition was publicly declared: occasionally however, when secrecy was required, it was known neither to the states nor to their army.(783) The single allied states, if necessity demanded it, could also immediately summon the army of the others;(784) but it is not clear to what extent this call was