former facts, it offers an almost certain proof that the whole country, from lake Bolbè to within a short distance from the Peneus, was subject to the Macedonians before the expedition of Xerxes.(1983) Methone(1984) was on this coast the only interruption to the series of Macedonian possessions; this Eretrian colony had been, about 746 B.C.,(1985) together with the numerous Eubœan settlements in Chalcidice,(1986) at a period when the power of the Macedonians on this line of coast was very insignificant; and it preserved its independence until the reign of Philip the son of Amyntas.(1987) 17. From the facts now ascertained, we may deduce a result of some importance with regard to the language of Herodotus. This historian clearly and precisely distinguishes between Bottiaïs and Macedonia in the time of Xerxes,(1988) although it is certain that Bottiaïs was then in the power of the Macedonians;(1989) Macedonia he classes as a district with Bottiaïs, Mygdonia, and Pieria. He uses the word, therefore, not in a _political_, but in a _national_ sense; _i.e._, he restricts it to the territory originally possessed by the Macedonian nation, not applying it to countries which had been obtained by conquest or political preponderance. The Macedonia of Herodotus is consequently the territory of the Macedonians _before_ all the conquests of the Temenidæ. It extended, according to Herodotus, in a narrow tongue down to the sea;(1990) a fact disregarded by Thucydides, when he states that the coast of Lower Macedonia was first reduced by the Temenidæ.(1991) Further from the sea, however, the ancient Macedonia had a much wider extent, and included the districts of Edessa and Berœa, Lyncestis, Orestis, and Elimeia: for Macedonia is stated by Herodotus to have been on the one side bounded by mount Olympus (which ridge, where it borders on Pieria,(1992) was called the Macedonian mountains),(1993) and on the other by mount Dysorum. This last fact is evident from the statement of the same writer, that a very short way led from the Prasian lake to Macedonia, passing first to the mine from which Alexander obtained an immense supply of precious metal; and then, that having crossed mount Dysorum, you were in Macedonia;(1994) _i.e._, evidently in the _original_ Macedonia, since he expressly excludes from it the mine which had been a subsequent accession. The Prasian lake was in Pæonia;(1995) but in what district of it is not known;(1996) mount Dysorum, however, can only be looked for to the north of Edessa and to the west of the Axius, Macedonia Proper not extending so far as that river. In this manner it is placed in the accompanying map; in which also the ancient boundaries of the Macedonian race are laid down according to the results obtained by these researches.