11. In a fragment of Tyrtæus we find some very distinct traces of the condition of the subject Messenians after the first war, which will be separately considered hereafter. The second war clearly broke out in the north-eastern part of the country, on the frontier towards Arcadia, where the ancient towns of Andania and Œchalia were situated. In all probability this tract of country had never been subjugated by the Spartans. Aristomenes, the hero of this war, was born at Andania,(631) from which town he harassed the Spartans by repeated inroads and attacks. In his first march he advanced as far as the plain of Stenyclarus; but after the victory at the Boar’s Grave he returned to Andania. But this attempt of the Messenians to recover their independence became of serious importance by the share which the greater part of the states in Peloponnesus took in it. For Strabo,(632) quoting Tyrtæus, states, that the Eleans, Argives, Arcadians, and Pisatans(633) assisted the Messenians in this struggle. The Pisatans were led by Pantaleon the son of Omphalion, who celebrated the 34th Olympiad in the place of the Eleans;(634) which fact enables us accurately to fix the time (644 B.C.).—At the head of the Arcadians was Aristocrates, whom Pausanias calls a Trapezuntian, the son of Hicetas, and mentions his treachery at the battle near the Trench, on the subsequent discovery of which the Arcadians deprived his family of the sovereignty of Arcadia.(635) The same account is also given by Callisthenes,(636) and both writers quote the inscription on a pillar erected near the mountain-altar of Zeus Lycæus in memory of the traitor’s detection. Now we know from good authority(637) that Aristocrates was in fact king only of Orchomenus in Arcadia,(638) of which his family was so far from losing the sovereignty, that his son Aristodamus ruled over it, and also over a great part of Arcadia. The date of Aristocrates(639) appears to have been about 680-640 B.C.(640)