The History and Antiquities of the Doric Race, Vol. 2 of 2Müller, Karl Otfried
History
The History and Antiquities of the Doric Race, Vol. 2 of 2
Müller, Karl Otfried
Dorians -- History; Greece -- Antiquities, Dorian; Greece -- History -- Dorian Invasions, approximately 1125-1025 B.C.
6. But the Cretan institution of the syssitia was, at least according to
the judgment of Aristotle, founded more upon the principle of community of
goods than the same establishment in Sparta, since in the former country
the expenses of it were defrayed by the state, and not by the
contributions of the citizens.(946) This institution of the ancient
Dorians, or rather of the ancient Greeks in general, we will consider in a
subsequent part of this work, with reference to manners and taste; here it
must be viewed as affecting the public economy. In Sparta every member of
the phiditia contributed to them, as has been already stated, from his own
stock;(947) the amount required was about one Attic medimnus and a half of
barley-meal, eleven or twelve choëis of wine,(948) five minas of cheese,
with half the same quantity of figs, together with dates,(949) and ten
Æginetan oboli for meat.(950) The approximate statement of one Attic
medimnus and a half is probably meant as an equivalent to one Æginetan
medimnus;(951) the ten oboli are equal to a Corinthian stater, or a
Syracusan decalitre; the whole is doubtless the monthly contribution of an
individual,(952) and is amply sufficient for the consumption of one
person. For the daily allowance being elsewhere reckoned at two chœnices,
and one cotyla of wine (although the latter is an extremely small
quantity),(953) this contribution would give rather more than two
chœnices, and five cotylas for each day. There appears to have been only a
small allowance for meat, but the want of it was partly supplied by the
frequent sacrifices, and partly by the excellent institution of the
ἐπάϊκλα, which were additions to the regular meal or αἶκλον. The poorer
members of the syssition furnished these from the proceeds of the chase,
while wealthier persons supplied wheaten bread (the common provision being
barley cakes, μᾶζαι), with young cattle from their flocks, birds prepared
as ματτύα, and the fruits of the season from their lands.(954) Voluntary
gifts of this kind were probably seldom wanting, so long as the spirit of
community influenced their minds; it was also natural that they should
contribute largely, in order to give variety and grace to their otherwise
uniform banquet.
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