5. Of the two principles upon which the regulation of the Lacedæmonian army was founded, one (as has been already pointed out) belonged more peculiarly to early times, and at a late period nearly disappeared: I mean the complete union and amalgamation of the army in all its parts. This is expressed by the name _enomoty_; and we are led to the same result by many other remarkable vestiges, such as the proximity of the lovers to the loved (which in certain situations must have produced a strong effect upon the feelings), and the sacrifices to Love, which, according both to the Spartan and Cretan usage, the most beautiful men performed before the battle. The second principle was of longer duration; the duty of implicit obedience to every person in authority (πειθαρχία). Now in the artificial organization of the army almost all Spartans were in a certain respect commanders(1138); for not only the front men of the files, even when the enomoties were broken (πρωτοστάται), but the first men of every line (ζευγῖται) were officers(1139); nay, every two persons throughout the whole enomoty were connected with each other as fore-man and rear-man (πρωτοστάτης and ἐπιστάτης.(1140)) The commands (παραγγέλσεις) passed rapidly through the polemarchs, lochagi, &c, to the enomotarchs, who gave them out, like heralds, in a loud voice(1141); but that the command alone of the immediate superior held good, is proved by the circumstance that the disobedience of a polemarch or lochagus entailed the disobedience of the whole lochus.(1142) The polemarchs, lochagi, pentecosters, and also the xenagi (leaders of mercenaries(1143)), took part in the council of war, which was preceded by solemn sacrifices(1144); the first mentioned officers commanded independently single moras and whole armies,(1145) or composed the immediate council of the kings; they were supported or represented, as it appears, by the συμφορεῖς.(1146) The king, in an instance mentioned by Herodotus, himself appointed an inferior general,(1147) which seems to be a consequence of his extensive power in military affairs. The escort of the king was called by the name of _damosia_,(1148) and consisted of his tent comrades, to which the polemarchs,(1149) the Pythians,(1150) and three Equals also belonged(1151); of the diviners, surgeons, flute-players, and volunteers in the army,(1152) to which must be added the two ephors, who attended the kings on expeditions(1153); the laphyropolæ, who together with the ephors, took possession of the booty; the hellanodicæ, who decided disputes in the army (in this case, as well as at Olympia, the Peloponnesians were called Hellenes by pre-eminence(1154)); the symbuli, sent out, after the time of Agis, as assistants to the king(1155); the pyrphorus, a priest of Ares, who took fire from the sacrifice, which the king performed at home to Zeus Agetor,(1156) and on the boundary to Zeus and Athene, and preserved it