3. On the dress of the Spartans I need only, after the labours of former writers,(1250) make the following remarks. The chief, or indeed the only garment of the Doric virgin is by ancient writers sometimes called _himation_,(1251) sometimes _chiton_: the former more correctly, as appears from works of art; and the latter word was used metaphorically, from the resemblance of the himation to the linen chiton of the Ionians. This garment of woollen stuff was without sleeves, and fastened over both shoulders by clasps (πόρπαι, περόναι), which were often of considerable size;(1252) while the Ionic women wore sleeves of greater or less length.(1253) This chiton was only joined together on one side, while on the other it was left partly open or slit up (σχιστὸς χίτων(1254)); probably it could be fastened with clasps, or opened wider, so as to admit a freer motion of the limbs, so that the two skirts (πτέρυγες) flew open; whence Ibycus called the Spartan women φαινομηρίδες.(1255) This garment was also worn without a girdle; when it hung down to the calves of the legs.(1256) This is generally the dress with which the goddesses Victory and Iris are represented in works of art, the latter particularly among the statues from the pediment of the Parthenon, in which rapid motion is indicated by the chiton being thrown from the feet and ancles on the left side; and in the same chiton, though with more ample folds, is the dress of Athene in many statues of the more finished and perfect style of the art: and Artemis, the huntress, in the Doric chiton, girt up for the purpose of rapid motion. In one of these different fashions, according to her object and business, the virgin of Sparta, generally without the himation,(1257) wore a single garment, and appeared even in the company of men without any further covering. Thus Periander the Corinthian(1258) was seized with love for the beautiful Melissa at Epidaurus, when he saw her dressed, after the Peloponnesian manner, in her chiton, without any upper garment, as she was giving out wine to the labourers.(1259) In this costume the Doric virgins might be seen dancing at their places of exercise and in the chorus.(1260) The married women, however, never appeared without an upper garment; which probably was not essentially different from the himation of the men: thus, for example, the wife of Phocion, who lived in the Doric manner, according to the account of Plutarch, often went out in the himation of her husband.