6. Another colony of Corinth, AMBRACIA, had been ruled by a tyrant of the family of the Cypselidæ, named Gorgus (Gorgias), who was succeeded by Periander, evidently a member of the same house:(689) this latter tyrant, having insulted one of the subjects of his illicit pleasures, was put to death by the relations of the latter.(690) The people had taken a share in the insurrection, and obtained the supreme power:(691) the first change having, however, been into a government founded on property, which insensibly passed into a democracy, on account of the low rate of property which qualified a person for public offices.(692) In the Corinthian colony of LEUCADIA, the large estates were originally inalienable, and in the possession of the nobles: when the inalienability was abolished, a certain amount of property was no longer required for the holding of public offices, by which the government became democratic.(693) EPIDAMNUS was founded by Corinthians and Corcyæeans, and a Heraclide, Phalias, from the mother-country, was leader of the colony. It cannot be doubted that the founders took possession of the best lands, and assumed the powers of government, only admitting persons of the same race to a share. A single magistrate, similar to the cosmopolis at Opus, was at the head of the administration;(694) the phylarchs composed a species of council. But in the second period of the constitution, the phylarchs were replaced by a senate (βουλὴ), chosen on democratic principles: a remnant, however, of the early constitution was preserved, in the regulation that all magistrates, who were chosen from the ancient citizens (the proper πολίτευμα), were compelled to be present in the public assembly, if a magistrate required it;(695) the highest archon also alone remained.(696) The Peloponnesian war was occasioned by a contest between the popular party at Epidamnus, and the nobles, in which the Corinthians, from jealousy against Corcyra, unmindful of their true interests, supported the former: of the issue of this contest we are not informed. The number of resident and industrious foreigners was very great:(697) besides this class of persons, none but public slaves were employed in mechanical labour, and never any citizen.(698) Of all the Corinthian settlements, APOLLONIA kept the nearest to the original colonial constitution,(699) upon which its fame for justice is probably founded.(700) The government remained almost exclusively in the hands of the noble families and descendants of the first colonists, to whom the large estates doubtless belonged.(701) Perhaps Apollonia was indebted for the stability of its government to the Xenelasia;(702) an institution which was of the first importance for the preservation of ancient Greek customs, to a state closely bordering on barbarous nations.