[279] Lepsius, "Aelteste Texte," s. 10; Brugsch, "Grammaire démotique." [280] Clem. Alex. "Strom." p. 758, ed. Pott; cf. Diod. 1, 49. [281] Ebers, "Augsburger Allg. Zt." 1873. On a papyrus of a medicinal character of the period from the twentieth to the twenty-second dynasty, see Birch, "Zeitschrift für ægyptische Sprache," 1871, s. 61. [282] Herod. 2, 84, 3, 1. [283] Lepsius, "Götterkreis," s. 30; Bunsen, "Ægypten," 5, 1, 189 ff. [284] Papyrus, Sallier III. [285] De Rougé, "Recueil de Travaux," 1, 3 ff.; Chabas, "Revue Archéol." 1875. [286] On the papyrus Sallier I.; "Revue Archéol." 1860, 2, 241. [287] Goodwin-Chabas, _loc. cit._ 1861, 4, 118 ff. [288] _Loc. cit._ 1860, 1, 357. [289] De Rougé, _loc. cit._ 1852. On another very marvellous narrative on a papyrus in the demotic character, see Brugsch, _loc. cit._ 1867, 16, 161 ff. This papyrus Brugsch, on paleographical grounds, places in the third or second centuries B.C. [290] Lauth, "Sitzungsberichte der Akademie, zu München," 1872, 347 ff, and his "Abhandlung über den papyrus Sallier II. und Anastasi III.;" _ibid._ p. 29 ff.; cf. Chabas, "Voyage d'un Egyptien," and Goodwin, "Saneha." [291] Boeckh, "Manetho und die Hundsternperiode;" Lepsius, "Chronologie," s. 470 ff. and _supra_, p. 40. [292] Diod. 1. 81. [293] Brugsch, "Zeitschrift d. d. M. S." 10, 662 ff. [294] The Egyptians then compared certain constellations in their spheres with the signs of the zodiac. The Crab they denoted by the scarabæus, the Lion by the knife, the Scales became the "sun-mountain," the Scorpion became the snake. The Kid was with them "the life," the Ram "the slain" &c.--Brugsch, _loc. cit._ [295] Champollion, "Lettres," p. 239; Lepsius, "Chronologie," s. 109, 110; cf. _supra_, p. 58. [296] Champollion, "Lettres," p. 196. [297] Diod. 1, 74. [298] Wilkinson, "Manners and Customs," 3, 4. [299] Strabo, p. 758; cf. p. 147. [300] _Supra_, p. 94; Ebers, "Durch Gosen," s. 135 ff. [301] Herod. 2, 78. [302] Wilkinson, "Manners and Customs," 2, 132. [303] Cf. _infra_, Book II. cap. 3. [304] 1 Kings x. 28, 29; 2 Chronicles i. 16, 17; ix. 28. [305] "Od." 14, 288; 4, 225, 355; 17, 448; Movers, "Phoenizier," 2, 70. BOOK II. THE SEMITIC NATIONS. THE SEMITIC NATIONS. CHAPTER I. THE ANCIENT KINGDOM OF BABYLON.