[333] Sayce, "Bibl. Arch." 3, 479; Oppert, "Empires de Chaldée et d'Assyrie," p. 27. [334] G. Smith, "Discov." p. 234; "Early Hist." p. 58. [335] Genesis, xiv. 1-12; G. Smith, "Assurb." p. 228. [336] Also in Ménant, "Les Achémenides," p. 136. [337] G. Smith, "Assurbanipal," p. 224, ff. [338] Sayce, "Transact. Bibl. Arch." 3, 465, 485. [339] So Rawlinson, Norris, Mordtmann, "Zeitschrift d. d. M. G." 1870, s. 7, 76, and Sayce, _loc. cit._ [340] Norris, "Dict." I. 50. [341] Such is also the opinion of Eberhard Schrader. [342] Schrader, "Abstammung und Ursitze der Chaldæer," s. 405 ff., 416 ff. [343] Strabo, p. 735, 765, 767; Pliny, "Hist. Nat." 6, 23, 27. 5, 20. [344] On the correct interpretation of the passage, Isaiah xxiii. 13, see Schrader, "Keilschriften und Alt. Test." s. 269; on the Armenian Chaldæans, the Chalybian Chaldæans, Schrader, "Abstammung der Chaldæer," s. 399, 400. The former are to be sought for in the valley of the Lycus, and are known to the Armenians as Chalti: Kiepert, "Monats-Berichte der B. Akad. d. W." 1869. Arphaxad, _i.e._ the high mountain district Albak (Kiepert, _loc. cit_. s. 200), on the Upper Zab, was on the other hand undoubtedly colonised by Semitic tribes; but these probably came from Mesopotamia and Assyria. Arphaxad is the younger brother of Elam and Asshur. Where to look for Kir, whence, according to Amos ix. 7; i. 5, the Syrians came, we do not know. [345] Schrader, "Assyrisch-babyl. Keilschriften," s. 382, 18, 42, 165, 225. [346] Schrader, "Keilschriften und Alt. Test." s. 383. [347] Oppert, "Inscript. des Sargonides," p. 55 ff. [348] Above, pp. 132, 151, 152. From Naharina Tuthmosis III. received, among other things, forty-seven tiles of lead, forty-five pounds of gold, eighty-one mana (minæ) of spice.--De Rougé, "Notice," pp. 16, 18. [349] Oppert, "Empires," pp. 16, 17; G. Rawlinson, "Five Monarchies," 1, 63, 64, 137; Ménant, "Babylone," pp. 74, 75, 254. [350] G. Smith, "Early History," p. 36; G. Rawlinson, "Five Monarchies," pp. 69, 94, 157 ff. [351] Oppert, "Empires," p. 21. [352] Schrader, "Keilsch. und Alt. Test." s. 47; "Assyrisch-babylonische Keilschriften," s. 162; Sayce, "Zeitschrift für ægypt. Sprache," 1870, s. 151; Ménant, "Babylone," p. 98. [353] Oppert, "Empires," p. 36. [354] Lenormant, "Lettres Assyr." 1, 249. [355] Oppert, "Empires," p. 28; Ménant, "Babylone," pp. 118, 121. [356] G. Rawlinson, "Five Monarchies," pp. 169, 170. [357] G. Smith, "Discov." p. 236 ff., gives a deed of gift of Merodach-Baladan, the son of Milihiru, the grandson of Kurigalzu. [358] Ménant, "Babylone," pp. 127, 128. CHAPTER II. THE RELIGION AND SCIENCE OF THE CHALDÆANS.