The History of Antiquity, Vol. 5 (of 6)Duncker, Max
History
The History of Antiquity, Vol. 5 (of 6)
Duncker, Max
History, Ancient
Its later name was Rai; the ruins (near the modern Teheran) are said to
cover the land for leagues. Besides Ragha there were at one time
numerous flourishing cities in Raghiana.[458] Campadene,[459] the
Campada of the inscriptions of Darius, we must look for in the south of
Media, to the east of the Zagrus; it is no doubt the district now called
Chamabatan.[460] According to the statement of the Greeks, the district
of Bagistana extended to a mountain which was sacred to Zeus. As
Diodorus says, it was a region fit for the gods, filled with fruit-trees
and every other kind that ministers to delight and enjoyment.[461] The
name of the mountain consecrated to Zeus, Bagistana, and the similar
name of the district, go back to the title under which the gods are
comprised in the Avesta and the inscriptions of Darius (Old Bactr.
_bagha_, Old Pers. _baga_, New Pers. _bag_); and if Diodorus tells us
that the region was a land fit for the gods, the name Bagistana means
the abode of the gods. The district may have been held peculiarly sacred
by the Medes, or the name may have been intended to express their
gratitude for its fertility and beauty. We can fix precisely the
position of this district by the hill consecrated to Zeus near the
modern Behistun. It lies south-west of Elvend, between that mountain and
the Zagrus in the valley of the Choaspes, and is the district now known
as Kirmenshah.
According to the statements of Berosus, the historian of Babylon, the
Medes in the most ancient period had already reigned over Babylonia for
more than two centuries. They had suddenly collected an army, reduced
Babylonia, and there set up tyrants of their own people. According to
the succession of the dynasties which Berosus represents as ruling over
Babylonia, the beginning of this supremacy of the Medes fell, as has
been shown (I. 241, 247), in the year 2458 B.C. The first of the Medes
who thus ruled in Babylon is called Zoroaster by Syncellus, after
Polyhistor; according to this writer the seven Medes reign till the year
2224 B.C. Whether Berosus called the first Median king who reigned in
Babylon Zoroaster, or Polyhistor has ascribed that position to him as
the most famous name in Iran, or the only name known in antiquity, must
be left undecided, no less than the actual fact of the Median supremacy.
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