The History of Antiquity, Vol. 5 (of 6)Duncker, Max
History
The History of Antiquity, Vol. 5 (of 6)
Duncker, Max
History, Ancient
More astonishing still is the account given by Herodotus of the
ornamentation of the turrets of these walls--the colours of the turrets
of the first five, the silver and gold of the two last. The attempt has
been made to explain these statements as a legendary echo of the fame of
the splendour of Ecbatana in the time of Cyaxares and his successor
Astyages. But Polybius tells us very distinctly that the roof of the
palace and that of the temple of Anahita consisted of silver tiles at
the time of the Achæmenids, that the beams and panels of the roofs as
well as the pillars were entirely covered with gold and silver plates,
and that these decorations remained in the temple of Anahita at the time
of Antiochus Theos. This ornamentation might be extended to the turrets
of the inner walls. Considering the amount of the spoil of Nineveh, it
cannot be regarded as an impossibility that the ramparts of the interior
walls, the length of which, according to the statement of Polybius, did
not reach more than 4200 feet, were covered with plates of gold, and of
the next with plates of silver, when the roof of the palace could
consist of silver tiles. That the overthrow of the Assyrian kingdom and
the spoil of the cities brought considerable possessions to the Median
nation may be concluded from the remark of Herodotus that the Persians
had adopted better clothing and more luxurious habits from the Medes.
The kings would without doubt receive the richest part of the spoil. The
decoration of the turrets was possibly rude, but it exhibited in a
striking manner the splendour and exaltation of the kingdom, which was
thus encased in gold and silver, while the sovereign dwelt in gold and
silver chambers. Such a parade of royal magnificence is not out of
harmony with the character of the ancient East. To those who were not
allowed to enter the wide and high gates of the palace, these turrets
showed far and wide, through city and country, the splendour of the
citadel. The colours of the five outer walls would be given by glazed
tiles, such as those found in the ruins of Nineveh and Chalah, of
Babylon and Mugheir. We may assume with certainty that Cyaxares desired
to give to his palace and citadel a splendour no less than that
displayed by the palaces of Nineveh, or the royal citadel of
Nebuchadnezzar in Babylon, or the golden citadel in Sardis. Religious
conceptions may also have determined the colours of the decoration as
well as the number of the walls. As Auramazda sat in pure light, on a
golden throne on the golden Hukairya, so was the ruler on earth to dwell
in his palace of Ecbatana in golden chambers surrounded by golden walls.
The Avesta exhibits Mithra with a golden helmet and silver coat of mail,
the wheels of his chariots are of gold, his horses are greys,[501] shod
on the fore hoofs with gold, and on the hinder hoofs with silver; in
like manner the upper turrets of the citadel must shine with silver and
the highest with gold.
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