The History of Antiquity, Vol. 5 (of 6)Duncker, Max
History
The History of Antiquity, Vol. 5 (of 6)
Duncker, Max
History, Ancient
Vistaçpa, after the appearance of Zarathrustra, which amount to 232
years, Zarathrustra would have commenced his work 1431 years before the
battle of Nahavend, _i.e._ in the year 791 B.C. But who can guarantee
that Cyrus, the Persian, overthrew the empire of the Medes in the year
when Huma, the supposed daughter of Vohumano, died; or that Huma reigned
for 30 years? How could Vohumano, the grandson of Vistaçpa, and son of
Çpentodata (p. 38), have reigned 112 years, and Vistaçpa himself 90
years after the appearance of Zarathrustra? Huma is not merely a
doubtful person, she is altogether fictitious. She is said to have been
the mother of Darai Chirazatan, _i.e._ Darius I., and to have been
called Shamirain, _i.e._ Semiramis, but her brother was the first
Sassan, the ancestor of the Sassanids. As the later Arabs and Persians,
including Firdousi, are no better informed,[153] we see clearly that the
remembrance of the Achæmenids had almost entirely died out at the time
when these writings were composed; only the name of Darius remained,
and an attempt was made to connect this name with Vistaçpa by two
fictitious names, Vohumano, _i.e._ the good spirit, and Huma. Besides
Vistaçpa's son Çpentodata (Isfendyar) and Hutaoça, the wife of Vistaçpa,
the Avesta mentions a woman, "the pure Huma,"[154] out of whom this
queen must have been formed. It is clear that the tradition of the East,
like the Avesta, broke off in the generation after Vistaçpa, and that in
the Arabian period only the names Darai and Iskander could be placed
between Vistaçpa and the Arsacids.
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