The History of Antiquity, Vol. 5 (of 6)Duncker, Max
History
The History of Antiquity, Vol. 5 (of 6)
Duncker, Max
History, Ancient
the fact that he has not been a "liar," and has committed no sin. He
entreats Auramazda to protect the land against the invasion of hostile
armies, against blight, and "the lie" (_drauga_). He asserts that "the
lie" caused the provinces which had revolted to be rebellious, and
declares that the land of Persia, which Auramazda has granted to him,
which is beautiful, rich in horses, and well populated, has no fear of
enemies owing to Auramazda's grace, and his own. He commends his
inscription at Behistun to the protection of his successors, with the
words: "If thou destroyest not this tablet then may Auramazda be thy
friend; may thy descendants be numerous, and thy life be long, and
whatsoever thou undertakest, may Auramazda cause it to succeed. But if
thou destroyest it, may Auramazda smite thee, and thy house perish; and
whatever thou doest, may Auramazda render it of no effect."[167] On his
tomb Darius says: "What I have done I have done by the grace of
Auramazda. O man, this is the prayer of Auramazda; think no evil, leave
not the right way, sin not." The inscriptions of Xerxes regularly end
with the invocation: "May Auramazda protect me, with all the gods; me,
my kingdom, and my work."
As we shall see, the fundamental principle of the religion of
Zarathrustra is that a supreme god stands over all gods, and to him is
ascribed the work of creation. In entire belief in the power of this
supreme deity, whom the Achæmenids invoke by the name which is given to
him in the Avesta, "who has created heaven and earth and all that is
good for men," Darius ascribes to Auramazda victory in battles, the
power of granting or refusing success to the king's undertakings, of
protecting the land against hostile invasions, blight, and lies. To
those who live according to his commands he grants long life and
numerous descendants. The rebellion of the provinces is with Darius the
work of the lie, the lie of him who had given himself out to be the son
of Cyrus, and the lie of those who had claimed to be the descendants of
Nebuchadnezzar and Cyaxares. We have already observed what "the lie"
meant in the Avesta. In the same spirit--the spirit of the principal
rules of the Avesta--Darius adjures his Persians to think no evil, and
not to leave the right path.
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