[291] The remark in Polyaenus; Darius marching through Arabia against the Egyptians who rebelled against the tyranny of Aryandes, had again gained their affection by offering a prize of 100 talents of gold to the discoverer of a new Apis in the place of that which had just died, cannot be referred to the Apis which died in the year 518 B.C. In that year Darius was fighting in Media against Phraortes, Aryandes was satrap in the year 512 B.C. and long after. Hence it must refer to the second Apis, which appeared in 491 B.C., the thirty-first year of Darius, for which Darius caused a sepulchre to be built. That the first rebellion of the Egyptians against Darius took place about this time follows from a chapter in Aristotle's "Rhetoric," 2, 20, where we are told that Darius did not cross over to Hellas before he had reduced Egypt; and in like manner Xerxes reduced Egypt before crossing over to Hellas. The "crossing over" can only refer to the campaign of Datis and Artaphernes; the first rebellion of Egypt against Darius therefore took place just when the rebellion of the Ionians had been crushed, _i.e._ 492, 491 B.C.; the second occurred in 486 B.C. [292] Herod. 4, 145 says, "at the same time when Megabyzus subjugated the inhabitants of the Hellespont." This subjugation would begin in the autumn and pass over into the next spring. [293] Herod. 4, 167. Above, p. 152. [294] Herod. 4, 164, 200. [295] Herod. 4, 165, 167, 197. [296] Herod. 4, 200-204; Heracl. Pont. fragm. 4, ed. Müller. [297] Herod. 4, 203, 204. [298] Herod. 4, 163; Heracl. Pont. Fragm. 8, ed. Müller; Pindar, "Pyth." 4, 5 and the Scholia. [299] Herod. 3, 91. [300] Herod. 7, 71. [301] In Brugsch, "Hist. of Egypt," 2, 297, Settu-Ra. [302] Lepsius, "Inschriften von Charigeh und Dachileh, Z. f. Aeg. Spr." 1874, s. 75, 78. [303] It seems to me rash to find Carthage in _Karka_ (so also in the Babylonian version) with Oppert ("Journal Asiatique," 1872, p. 163 ff.), and Mordtmann ("Z. D. M. G." 16, 110). [304] Justin, 19, 1. [305] Though I admit that negotiations may have taken place between Darius and the Carthaginians, I do not at the same time allow the accuracy of the statement in Diodorus about the league of Xerxes and the Carthaginians against the Greeks: a Sicilian may be suspected of ascribing to his countrymen as large a share as possible in the glory of the Persian war. [306] Herod. 5, 16. [307] Herod. 5, 26. [308] Herod. 7, 59. [309] Herod. 5, 11, 23. [310] Herod. 8, 139; Thuc. 2, 99, 200. [311] Herod. 5, 19. [312] Herod. 5, 21; 7, 21; Justin, 7, 3, 4.