He possessed not only the keen eye of the general, but an unerring political insight, and an unusual power of penetrating into the interests, the motives, the manners and actions of the communities and nations which victory placed in his power. Among the rulers of the East no one is like him, and one alone approaches him, the second successor on the throne which he founded. FOOTNOTES: [108] Behist. 1, 6. [109] Arrian. "Ind." 1, 1. [110] Plin. "H. N." 6, 25; Ptolem. 6, 18. [111] Script. Alex. Magni; fragm. 23, ed. Müller. [112] Diod. 17, 81. [113] Strabo, p. 724; Arrian, "Anab." 3, 27, 4; 4, 4, 6. [114] Curtius, 7, 3, 1. [115] In Strabo, p. 686. [116] Arrian, "Anab." 4, 5. [117] Xenoph. "Cyri inst." 6, 6, 9; 8, 8, 20. [118] _E.g._ Ctes. "Pers." 43. [119] Herod. 3, 31; Xenoph. "Anab." 1, 6, 4; Esther i. 14. [120] Herod. 5, 25; 7, 194. [121] Herod. 1, 134. [122] Herod. 3, 154; 8, 85. [123] "Cyri inst." 8, 8, 1; 8, 2, 7. [124] Herod. 3, 75, 86, 160. [125] "Persae," 768-770. [126] "Transact. Bibl. Arch." 2, 148. [127] "Cyri inst." 8, 6, 9; 8, 8, 22, 23. [128] Plin. "H. N." 33, 15. [129] Arrian, "Anab." 3, 16; Curtius, 5, 2, 11; 6, 9, 6, 10; Diod. 17, 66, 71; Strabo, p. 731. [130] Diod. "Exc. vat." p. 33, 2, 44; Justin, 1, 8; 2, 3; 37, 3. [131] Arrian, "Anab." 5, 4. A similar story is in Frontin. "Strateg." 2, 5, 5. [132] Polyaen. "Strateg." 8, 28. [133] _Çparheghapaeça_, from _çpareg_, to shoot, spring, and _paeça_, _piça_, shape: Müllenhoff, "Monatsberichte Berl. Akad." 1866, s. 567. [134] Strabo, p. 514, 520; Plin. "H. N." 6, 16; Ptolem. 4, 20; Curtius, 3, 2; Diod. 2, 2; Steph. Byz. [Greek: Derbikkai]. [135] Ctes. "Pers." 6-9. [136] "Cyri inst." 8, 7. [137] Ctes. "Pers." 7; Arrian, "Anab." 6, 28; Strabo, p. 730; Plin. "H. N." 6, 29; Plut. "Alex." 69. Curtius (10, 1) asserts after Cleitarchus, that when Alexander visited the tomb of Cyrus on his return from India, he only found the shield of Cyrus, then rotten, two Scythian bows, and a sword in the sepulchre. [138] In the wings, the clothing, and the peculiar head-dress this portrait (Tenier, "Descript." pl. 84) differs essentially from the representation of Darius and his successors at Persepolis and Naksh-i-Rustem. It is not Cyrus but his Fravashi which is here represented. The building at Murghab is somewhat like the description of the tomb of Cyrus given in the text, but the site will not allow us to regard it as the tomb at Pasargadae. It must be a building which one of his successors has dedicated to the memory of the great king. The profile in the relief confirms to some degree Plutarch's statement that Cyrus had an aquiline nose, and the Persians therefore considered beaked noses the most becoming: "Praec. ger. reip." c. 30. The nose of Darius, as we see it in the monuments, appears straighter and longer. CHAPTER X. THE FALL OF EGYPT.