The History of Chemistry, Volume 1 (of 2)Thomson, Thomas
History
The History of Chemistry, Volume 1 (of 2)
Thomson, Thomas
Chemistry -- History
fifth part is peculiarly valuable; in it he treats of the methods of
preparing lutes for glass vessels, of the construction and qualities of
crucibles, and of the vitrification of earthen vessels.
Another of his tracts is called “The Mineral Work;” the object of which
is to show the method of separating gold from flints, sand, clay,
and other minerals, by the spirit of salt (_muriatic acid_), which
otherwise cannot be purged; also a panacea, or universal antimonial
medicine. This panacea was a solution of deutoxide of antimony in
pyrotartaric acid; Glauber gives a most flattering account of its
efficacy in removing the most virulent diseases, particularly all kinds
of cutaneous eruptions. The second and third parts of The Mineral Work
are entirely alchymistical. In the treatise called “Miraculum Mundi,”
his chief object is to write a panegyric on _sulphate of soda_, of
which he was the discoverer, and to which he gave the name of _sal
mirabile_. The high terms in which he speaks of this innocent salt
are highly amusing, and serve well to show the spirit of the age,
and the dreams which still continued to haunt the most laborious and
sober-minded chemists. The _sal mirabile_ was not merely a purgative,
a virtue which it certainly possesses in a high degree, being as mild
a purgative, perhaps the very best, of all the saline preparations
yet tried; but it was a universal medicine, a panacea, a cure for all
diseases: nor was Glauber contented with this, but pointed out many
uses in the various arts and manufactures for which in his opinion
it was admirably fitted. But by far the fullest account of this _sal
mirabile_ is given by him in his treatise on the nature of salts.
I shall satisfy myself with giving the titles of his other tracts.
Every one of them contains facts of considerable importance, not to be
found in any chemical writings that preceded him; but to attempt to
connect these facts into one point of view would be needless, because
they are not such as would be likely to interest the general reader.
1. The Consolation of Navigators. This gives an account of a method by
which sailors may carry with them a great deal of nourishment in very
small bulk. The method consists in evaporating the wort of malt to
dryness, and carrying the dry extract to sea. This method has been had
recourse to in modern times, and has been found to furnish an effectual
remedy against the scurvy. He recommends also the use of muriatic acid
as a remedy for thirst, and a cure for the scurvy.
2. A true and perfect Description of the extracting good Tartar from
the Lees of Wine.
3. The first part of the Prosperity of Germany; in which is treated of
the concentration of wine, corn, and wood, and the more profitable use
of them than has hitherto been.
4. The second part of the Prosperity of Germany; wherein is shown by
what means minerals may be concentrated by nitre, and turned into
metallic and better bodies.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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