The History of Chemistry, Volume 2 (of 2)Thomson, Thomas
History
The History of Chemistry, Volume 2 (of 2)
Thomson, Thomas
Chemistry -- History
When Klaproth operated with fire, he always selected his vessels,
whether of earthenware, glass, plumbago, iron, silver, or platinum,
upon fixed principles; and showed more distinctly than chemists had
previously been aware of, what an effect the vessel frequently has upon
the result. He also prepared his reagents with great care, to ensure
their purity; for obtaining several of which in their most perfect
state, he invented several efficient methods. It is to the extreme care
with which he selected his minerals for analysis, and to the purity
of his reagents, and the fitness of his vessels for the objects in
view, that the great accuracy of his analyses is to be, in a great
measure, ascribed. He must also have possessed considerable dexterity
in operating, for when he had in view to determine any particular point
with accuracy, his results came, in general, exceedingly near the
truth. I may notice, as an example of this, his analysis of sulphate
of barytes, which was within about one-and-a-half per cent. of absolute
correctness. When we consider the looseness of the data which chemists
were then obliged to use, we cannot but be surprised at the smallness
of the error. Berzelius, in possession of better data, and possessed of
much dexterity, and a good apparatus, when he analyzed this salt many
years afterwards, committed an error of a half per cent.
Klaproth, during a very laborious life, wholly devoted to analytical
chemistry, entirely altered the face of mineralogy. When he began
his labours, chemists were not acquainted with the true composition
of a single mineral. He analyzed above 200 species, and the greater
number of them with so much accuracy, that his successors have, in
most cases, confirmed the results which he obtained. The analyses
least to be depended on, are of those minerals which contain both lime
and magnesia; for his process for separating lime and magnesia from
each other was not a good one; nor am I sure that he always succeeded
completely in separating silica and magnesia from each other. This
branch of analysis was first properly elucidated by Mr. Chenevix.
6. Analytical chemistry was, in fact, systematized by Klaproth; and it
is by studying his numerous and varied analyses, that modern chemists
have learned this very essential, but somewhat difficult art; and have
been able, by means of still more accurate data than he possessed,
to bring it to a still greater degree of perfection. But it must not
be forgotten, that Klaproth was in reality the creator of this art,
and that on that account the greatest part of the credit due to the
progress that has been made in it belongs to him.
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