The History of Chemistry, Volume 2 (of 2)Thomson, Thomas
History
The History of Chemistry, Volume 2 (of 2)
Thomson, Thomas
Chemistry -- History
Berzelius has been much more industrious than his chemical
contemporaries at Upsala. His first publication was a work in two
volumes on animal chemistry, chiefly a compilation, with the exception
of his experiments on the analysis of blood, which constitute an
introduction to the second volume. This book was published in 1806
and 1808. In the year 1806 he and Hisinger began a periodical work,
entitled "Afhandlingar i Fysik, Kemi och Mineralogi," of which six
volumes in all were published, the last in 1818. In this work there
occur forty-seven papers by Berzelius, some of them of great length
and importance, which will be noticed afterwards; but by far the
greatest part of them consist of mineral analyses. We have the analysis
of cerium by Hisinger and Berzelius, together with an account of
the chemical characters of the two oxides of cerium. In the fourth
volume he gives us a new chemical arrangement of minerals, founded
on the supposition that they are all chemical compounds in definite
proportions. Mr. Smithson had thrown out the opinion that _silica_
is an acid: which opinion was taken up by Berzelius, who showed, by
decisive experiments, that it enters into definite combinations
with most of the bases. This happy idea enabled him to show, that
most of the stony minerals are definite compounds of silica, with
certain earths or metallic oxides. This system has undergone several
modifications since he first gave it to the world; and I think it
more than doubtful whether his last co but he has taken care to have
translations of them inserted into Poggensdorf's Annalen, and the
Annales de Chimie et de Physique.
In the Stockholm Memoirs, for 1819, we have his analysis of wavellite,
showing that this mineral is a hydrous phosphate of alumina. The
same analysis and discovery had been made by Fuchs, who published
his results in 1818; but probably Berzelius had not seen the paper;
at least he takes no notice of it. We have also in the same volume
his analysis of euclase, of silicate of zinc, and his paper on the
prussiates.
In the Memoirs for 1820 we have, besides three others, his paper on
the mode of analyzing the ores of nickel. In the Memoirs for 1821 we
have his paper on the alkaline sulphurets, and his analysis of achmite.
The specimen selected for this analysis was probably impure; for two
successive analyses of it, made in my laboratory by Captain Lehunt,
gave a considerable difference in the proportion of the constituents,
and a different formula for the composition than that resulting from
the constituents found by Berzelius.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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