The History of Chemistry, Volume 2 (of 2)Thomson, Thomas
History
The History of Chemistry, Volume 2 (of 2)
Thomson, Thomas
Chemistry -- History
The most eminent analytical chemists at present in France are, Laugier,
a nephew and successor of Fourcroy, as professor of chemistry in the
Jardin du Roi, and Berthier, who has long had the superintendence of
the laboratory of the School of Mines. Laugier has not published many
analyses to the world, but those with which he has favoured us appear
to have been made with great care, and are in general very accurate.
Berthier is a much more active man; and has not merely given us many
analyses, but has made various important improvements in the analytical
processes. His mode of separating arsenic acid, and determining its
weight, is now generally followed; and I can state from experience
that his method of fusing minerals with oxide of lead, when the object
is to detect an alkali, is both accurate and easy. Berthier is young,
and active, and zealous; we may therefore expect a great deal from him
hereafter.
The chemists in great Britain have never hitherto distinguished
themselves much in analytical chemistry. This I conceive is owing
to the mode of education which has been hitherto unhappily followed.
Till within these very few years, practical chemistry has been
nowhere taught. The consequence has been, that every chemist must
discover processes for himself; and a long time elapses before he
acquires the requisite dexterity and skill. About the beginning of the
present century, Dr. Kennedy, of Edinburgh, was an enthusiastic and
dexterous analyst; but unfortunately he was lost to the science by a
premature death, after giving a very few, but these masterly, analyses
to the public. About the same time, Charles Hatchett, Esq., was an
active chemist, and published not a few very excellent analyses; but
unfortunately this most amiable and accomplished man has been lost
to science for more than a quarter of a century; the baneful effects
of wealth, and the cares of a lucrative and extensive business,
having completely weaned him from scientific pursuits. Mr. Gregor,
of Cornwall, was an accurate man, and attended only to analytical
chemistry: his analyses were not numerous, but they were in general
excellent. Unfortunately the science was deprived of his services by
a premature death. The same observation applies equally to Mr. Edward
Howard, whose analyses of meteoric stones form an era in this branch of
chemistry. He was not only a skilful chemist, but was possessed of a
persevering industry which peculiarly fitted him for making a figure as
a practical chemist. Of modern British analytical chemists, undoubtedly
the first is Mr. Richard Philips; to whom we are indebted for not
a few analyses, conducted with great chemical skill, and performed
with great accuracy. Unfortunately, of late years he has done little,
having been withdrawn from science by the necessity of providing for
a large family, which can hardly be done, in this country, except
by turning one's attention to trade or manufactures. The same remark
applies to Dr.
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