The History of Chemistry, Volume 2 (of 2)Thomson, Thomas
History
The History of Chemistry, Volume 2 (of 2)
Thomson, Thomas
Chemistry -- History
Fluoric acid 427
Carbonic 577
Sebacic 706
Muriatic 712
Oxalic 755
Phosphoric 979
Formic 988
Sulphuric 1000
Succinic 1209
Nitric 1405
Acetic 1480
Citric 1683
Tartaric 1694
2. BASES.
Alumina 525
Magnesia 615
Ammonia 672
Lime 793
Soda 859
Strontian 1329
Potash 1605
Barytes 2222
To understand this table, it is only necessary to observe, that if we
take the quantity of any of the acids placed after it in the table,
that quantity will be exactly saturated by the weight of each base put
after it in the second column: thus, 1000 of sulphuric acid will be
just saturated by 525 alumina, 615 magnesia, 672 ammonia, 793 lime, and
so on. On the other hand, the quantity of any base placed after its
name in the second column, will be just saturated by the weight of each
acid placed after its name in the first column: thus, 793 parts of lime
will be just saturated by 427 of fluoric acid, 577 of carbonic acid,
706 of sebacic acid, and so on.
This work of Richter was followed by a periodical work entitled "Ueber
die neuern Gegenstande der Chymie" (On the New Objects of Chemistry).
This work was begun in the year 1792, and continued in twelve different
numbers, or volumes, to the time of his death in 1807.[8]
[8] I have only seen eleven parts of this work, the last of which
appeared in 1802; but I believe that a twelfth part was published
afterwards.
Richter's labours in this important field produced as little attention
as those of Wenzel. Gehlen wrote a short panegyric upon him at his
death, praising his views and pointing out their importance; but I
am not aware of any individual, either in Germany or elsewhere, who
adopted Richter's opinions during his lifetime, or even seemed aware
of their importance, unless we are to except Berthollet, who mentions
them with approbation in his Chemical Statics. This inattention was
partly owing to the great want of accuracy which it is impossible
not be sensible of in Richter's experiments. He operated upon too
large quantities of matter, which indeed was the common defect of the
times, and was first checked by Dr. Wollaston. The dispute between the
phlogistians and the antiphlogistians, which was not fully settled in
Richter's time, drew the attention of chemists to another branch of
the subject. Richter in some measure went before the age in which he
lived, and had his labours not been recalled to our recollection by the
introduction of atomic theory, he would probably have been forgotten,
like Hooke and Mayow, and only brought again under review after the
new discoveries in the science had put it in the power of chemists in
general to appreciate the value of his labours.
It is to Mr. Dalton that we are indebted for the happy and simple idea
from which the atomic theory originated.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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