The History of Chemistry, Volume 2 (of 2)Thomson, Thomas
History
The History of Chemistry, Volume 2 (of 2)
Thomson, Thomas
Chemistry -- History
The water in urine voided daily amounts to about 1·866lbs. The blood
contains no acid except a little muriatic. But in urine we find
sulphuric, phosphoric, and uric acids, and sometimes oxalic and nitric
acids, and perhaps also some others. The quantity of sulphuric acid
may be about forty-eight grains daily, containing nineteen grains of
sulphur. The phosphoric acid about thirty-three grains, containing
about fourteen grains of phosphorus. The uric acid may amount to
fourteen grains. These acids are in combination with potash, or soda,
or ammonia, and also with a very little lime and magnesia. The common
salt evacuated daily in the urine amounts to about sixty-two grains.
The urea, a peculiar substance found only in the urine, amounts perhaps
to as much as 420 grains.
It would appear from these facts that the kidneys possess the property
of converting the sulphur and phosphorus, which are known to exist in
the blood, into acids, and likewise of forming other acids and urea.
The quantity of water thrown out of the system by the urine and lungs
is scarcely equal to the amount of liquid daily consumed along with the
food. But there is another organ which has been ascertained to throw
out likewise a considerable quantity of moisture, this organ is the
skin; and the process is called _perspiration_. From the experiments of
Lavoisier and Seguin it appears that the quantity of moisture given out
daily by the skin amounts to 54·89 ounces: this added to the quantity
evolved from the lungs and the urine considerably exceeds the weight of
liquid taken with the food, and leaves no doubt that water as well as
carbonic acid must be formed in the lungs during respiration.
Such is an imperfect sketch of the present state of that department of
physiology which is most intimately connected with Chemistry. It is
amply sufficient, short as it is, to satisfy the most careless observer
how little progress has hitherto been made in these investigations; and
what an extensive field remains yet to be traversed by future observers.
THE END.
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WEDDED LIFE IN THE UPPER RANKS.
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