Genuine Men _developed_ out of the Ape-like Men of the preceding stage by the gradual development of the animal language of sounds into a connected or articulate language, of words. The development of this function, of course, went hand in hand with the development of its organs, namely, the higher differentiation of the larynx and the brain. The transition from speechless Ape-like Men to Genuine or Talking Men probably took place at the beginning of the Quaternary period, namely, in the Diluvial period, but possibly even at an earlier date, in the more recent Tertiary. As, according to the unanimous opinion of most eminent philologists, all human languages are not derived from a common primæval language, we must assume a polyphyletic origin of language, and in accordance with this a polyphyletic transition from speechless Ape-like Men to Genuine Men. ANCESTRAL SERIES OF THE HUMAN PEDIGREE. M N = Boundary between the Invertebrate and Vertebrate Ancestors. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- _Epochs of the_ | _Geological Periods_ | _Animal_ | _Nearest Living_ _Organic_ | _of the_ | _Ancestral Stages_ | _Relatives of the_ _History of the_| _Organic History_ | _of_ | _Ancestral Stages._ _Earth._ | _of the Earth._ | _Man._ | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- { { 1. Monera { _Protogenes_ { { (_Monera_) { _Protamœba_ { { { { 2. Single-celled { Simple Amœbæ { { Primæval animals { (_Automœbæ_) { { { { 3. Many-celled { Communities of { { Primæval animals { Amœbæ { { { (_Synamœbæ_) { { { { 4. Ciliated planulæ { Planula larvæ { { (_Planæada_) { I. { { ARCHILITHIC { 1. Laurentian Period { 5. Primæval Intestinal { Gastrula larvæ OR { { animals (_Gastræada_) { { 2. Cambrian Period { PRIMORDIAL { { 6. Gliding Worms { _Rhabdocœla_ EPOCH { 3. Silurian Period { (_Turbellaria_) { _Dendrocœla_ { { { { 7. Soft-worms { ?Between the Sea-squirts