Comparative philology seems especially to be becoming an authority in this matter. In the latest great work on the races of men, which Friederich Müller has published in his excellent “Ethnography,”(42) he justly places language in the fore-ground. Next to it the nature of the hair of the head is of great importance; for although it is in itself of course only a subordinate morphological character, yet it seems to be strictly transmitted within the race. Of the twelve species of men distinguished on the following table (p. 308), the four lower species are characterised by the woolly nature of the hair of their heads; every hair is flattened like a tape, and thus its section is oval. These four species of _woolly-haired men_ (Ulotrichi) we may reduce into two groups—tuft-haired and fleecy-haired. The hair on the head of _tuft-haired men_ (Lophocomi), Papuans and Hottentots, grows in unequally divided small tufts. The woolly hair of _fleecy-haired men_ (Eriocomi), on the other hand, in Caffres and Negroes, grows equally all over the skin of the head. All Ulotrichi, or woolly-haired men, have slanting teeth and long heads, and the colour of their skin, hair, and eyes is always very dark. All are inhabitants of the Southern Hemisphere; it is only in Africa that they come north of the equator. They are on the whole at a much lower stage of development, and more like apes, than most of the Lissotrichi, or straight-haired men. The Ulotrichi are incapable of a true inner culture and of a higher mental development, even under the favourable conditions of adaptation now offered to them in the United States of North America. No woolly-haired nation has ever had an important “history.” SYSTEMATIC SURVEY _Of the 12 Species of Men and their 36 Races._ (Compare Plate XV.) -------------------+--------------------------+----------------------------+------------- _Species._ | _Races._ | _Home._ | _Immigrated_ | | | _from the_ -------------------+--------------------------+----------------------------+------------- { 1. =Papuan= { 1. Nigritos Malacca, Philippine West { +Homo Papua+ { Islands { { 2. New Guinea men New Guinea West { 2. =Hottentot= { 3. Melanesians Melanesia North-west { +Homo+ { 4. Tasmanians Van Diemen’s Land North-east { +Hottentottus+ { { 5. Hottentots The Cape North-east { { 6. Bushmen The Cape North-east