Chalons, Sr., Secretary of Public Works, IV, 297. Chamber of Commerce founded, II, 307. Charles I, King, I, 74; denounces oppression of Indians, 128. Chaves, Antonio, Governor, I, 157; prosecutes Avila, 157; ruthless policy toward natives, 159; controversy with King, 160; dismissed from office, 161. Chaves, Juan Baton de, I, 331. Chilton, John, describes Havana, I, 349. Chinchilla, José, Governor, III, 314. Chinese, colonies in America, I, 7; laborers imported into Cuba, II, 295. Chorrera, expected to be Drake's landing place, I, 248. Chorrera River, dam built by Antonelli, I, 262. Christianity, introduced into Cuba by Ojeda, I, 55; urged by King Ferdinand, 73. Church, Roman Catholic, organized and influential in Cuba, I, 122; cathedral removed from Baracoa to Santiago, 123; conflict with civil power, 227; controversy with British during British occupation, II, 84; division of island into two dioceses, 173; attitude toward War of Independence, IV, 26; controversy over property, 294. Cienfuegos, José, Governor, II, 311. Cimmarones, "wild Indians," I, 126; revolt against De Soto, 148. Cipango, Cuba identified with, by Columbus, I, 5. Cisneros, Gaspar Betancourt, sketch and portrait, II, 379. Cisneros, Pascal Jiminez de, II, 110, 127. Cisneros, Salvador, III, 167; sketch and portrait, 276; President of Cuban Republic, 277; President of Council of Ministers, IV, 48; in Constitutional Convention, 190. Civil Service, law, IV, 325; respected by President Menocal, 325. Clay, Henry, policy toward Cuba, II, 261. Clayton, John M., U. S. Secretary of State, issues proclamation against filibustering, III, 42. Cleaveland, Samuel, controversy over church bells, II, 83. Cleveland, Grover. President of United States, issues warning against breaches of neutrality, IV, 70; reference to Cuba in message of 1896, 79; its significance, 80. Coat of Arms of Cuba, picture, IV, 251; significance, 251. Cobre, copper mines, I, 173, 259. "Cockfighting and Idleness" campaign, IV, 291. Coffee, cultivation begun, II, 33, 113. Coinage, reformed, II, 142; statistics of, 158. Collazo, Enrique, filibuster, IV, 55. Coloma, Antonio Lopez, revolutionist, IV, 30. Colombia, designs upon Cuba, II, 262; III, 134; attitude toward Cuban revolution, 223. Columbus, Bartholomew, recalled to Spain, I, 57.