The History of Cuba, vol. 3Johnson, Willis Fletcher
History
The History of Cuba, vol. 3
Johnson, Willis Fletcher
Cuba -- Economic conditions; Cuba -- History
The general feeling of unrest, uncertainty and suspicion among the
Creoles was enhanced by the action of the government at Madrid in
publishing a manifesto, on April 6, 1880, demanding that the Cuban
government be assimilated with that of Spain, and promising in return
enactments which would greatly increase the material prosperity of the
colony. If Spain did not keep her promises with Cuba in a position to
protest, it was a foregone conclusion that the action contemplated by
the manifesto would not be productive of leniency in the government of
the island, and it is not difficult to imagine with what wrath and
consternation the knowledge that such a plan could ever be formulated
filled the hearts of those who had struggled so long and so valiantly
and at so great personal sacrifice for the freedom of Cuba. The result
was a renewal of sporadic rebellions, and a seething turmoil of anger
and resentment on the part of the Creoles.
In April, 1881, an attempt was made by the Spanish government by
concessions to allay the storm which it had raised, and on April 7, the
constitution of 1876 was again proclaimed. This granted to the Cubans
full rights of citizenship, and the rights of free speech, free press
and assembly, and representation. This was promptly modified on the very
day of its enactment by the promulgation of the order of January 7,
1879, which had the effect of muzzling the press which had only a few
hours before been freed. The other rights granted were of course
existent only in name, and thus Spain continued her old program of
stupid treachery.
In 1882 an event occurred which for a time seemed likely to draw England
into the controversy. Three Cuban patriots, Maceo, Rodriguez, and a
third whose name is not of record, escaped from custody while they were
being transferred from one penal colony in Spain to another. They
hastened to gain English territory, and fled to Gibraltar. One of the
rights sacred to the English government was the right of asylum. This
the Spanish government proceeded to ignore. The Spanish consul notified
the English authorities that the fugitives must be returned to Spain,
and suggested as a method which would be productive of the least trouble
that at a time and place agreed upon they be sent across the border,
whereupon the Spanish authorities could apprehend them without
difficulty and the controversy would be happily ended. Through some
misapprehension on the part of the British officials, this was done. But
the end was not yet. The British government, when it learned of the
occurrence, promptly demanded the return of the men to British soil,
under the right of asylum. The Spanish government exhausted all its
arguments in vain. Great Britain stood firm, but when Spain had
surrendered two of the fugitives, the matter was finally dropped and the
fate of the third one was left to the mercies of Spain.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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