The History of Currency, 1252 to 1896Shaw, William Arthur
History
The History of Currency, 1252 to 1896
Shaw, William Arthur
Money -- History
Though without immediate practical result, the conference initiated a
wide movement. In England it was followed by the appointment of a
commission, 18th February 1868, "to consider and report upon the
proceeding of the said international monetary conference, ... and to
examine and report upon the recommendations of the conference, and their
adaptability to the circumstances of the United Kingdom, and whether it
would be desirable to make any and what changes in the coinage of the
United Kingdom, in order to establish, either wholly or partially, such
uniformity as the conference had held in contemplation."
The commission sat from the 13th March to the 8th July 1868, but closed
without practical decision, in regard of the difficulties lying in the
way of an international coinage. In particular, the proposition of a
reduction of the pound sterling to the 25-franc piece was rejected.
In France the whole course of public opinion, both before and after the
conference of 1876, and in the concluding examination of the _Enquête_
of 1865-69, ran strongly in favour of gold monometallism, and the
opinion has been unflinchingly held and expressed that only the breaking
out of the Franco-German War prevented the adoption of that system in
France and in the states of the Latin Union. It is hardly too much to
say that the conclusion of the war, with the heavy war indemnity which
she thereby suffered, took the initiative in monetary legislation out of
the hands of France.
Along with the latest reconstruction of her hoary imperial scheme,
Germany effected her great and greatly-needed monetary unification and
reform. She accomplished it on the basis of the old or French ratio of
15:5, and for two years after the reception of the scheme the price of
silver maintained itself moderately. On the 9th July 1873, however, she
completed the system by the Legal Tender Law, which demonetised the
silver currency, and gradually more than two-thirds of the total old
German silver money was called in, melted into bullion, and flung on the
market. Concurrently, other changes were at work on the Continent. In
1872 the Scandinavian States followed the example of Germany and adopted
a gold in place of a former silver standard. By the treaty of 18th
December 1872 a common system was established between Sweden, Norway,
and Denmark. For Sweden the conversion of the silver currency was based
on a ratio of 15.57, for Denmark 15.43, and for Norway 15.44. Three
years later the Netherlands followed suit. By their law of 6th June 1875
and 10th May 1876 they adopted a gold in place of their previous silver
standard at a basis ratio of 15.625.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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