The History of Currency, 1252 to 1896Shaw, William Arthur
History
The History of Currency, 1252 to 1896
Shaw, William Arthur
Money -- History
It was in the reign of this latter King that the general movement of
adoption of gold coinage first touched Spain. The earliest gold coins
were Alfonso's _doblas_, subsequently known as _castellanos_. The weight
of this coin has been variously assigned as 48 to a mark or 50 or 51.
Taking the tale of 50 to the mark, the weight per piece would be 92-4/25
grms. (= 4.60090 grms.) of 23-3/4 quilates fine (= .989 fine).
Pedro I. made gold doblas of the weight of 90 grs., and this endured
till the days of John I., 1379-90, who preserved the same weight but
lowered the standard. Under Henry III. the standard of 23-3/4 quilates
was again restored. For the movement of the gold coins subsequent to
Ferdinand and Isabella, see the Table.
3. The silver _real_ first appears under Pedro I., 1350-69. It was
issued at a tale of 66 to a mark, and 11 dineros 4 grs. fine.
Under Henry II. of Castile, 1369-79, these reals undergo extraordinary
debasement, the standard being reduced to .279, .129, .060, and so on;
but a recovery took place under his successor, John I., 1379-90, who
returned to the standard of Pedro I., substituting for the debased real
his own vellon money, under the titles of _blancos_ and _Agnus Dei_, a
money known later as _blancas_ and _maravedises de moneda blanca_.
The restorer of the Spanish coinage was, however, not John so much as
his son, Henry III., 1390-1406. By his ordinance of 21st January 1391,
issued at the instance of the Cortes of Madrid, 1390, the blancos of
John I. were reduced in equivalence to 1 coronado. Gold coins were
restored to the tale and standard of Alfonso XI., and the silver real to
those of Pedro I.
The vellon money, however, of this reign--the blancos in
particular--present a confusion which has hitherto baffled the most
learned. It has been computed that one hundred and thirty-two monies of
various denominations circulated in Castile under this King.
In brief, the system from his day till the time of Ferdinand and
Isabella may be thus tabularly expressed:--
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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