Through the remaining period of the Thirty Years' War very little is on record with regard to the German Mint system. The closing period of the strife was marked by such complaints as to excess of depreciated small specie as had prevailed in 1620, bringing with it a further enhancement of the price of the larger silver specie. In 1665, accordingly, the three Higher Circles, Franconia, Bavaria, and Swabia met together. They found on a trial that the mark of fine silver was selling commercially at from 14 florins 15 kreutzers to 14 florins 20 kreutzers, and that it was impossible to mint the larger silver specie unless the Reichs thaler were set at 96 kreutzers. This would raise the mark of fine silver to 14 florins 24 kreutzers. At the same time it was resolved to declare the ducat at 3 florins (mark of fine gold = 203 florins 49 kreutzers, 3-31/71 pfennige), the ratio being accordingly changed from 15 to 14-1/8. In 1667 this scheme was provisionally adopted _in comitiis_. From this scheme Saxony and Brandenburg held off, maintaining that the advance of the Reichs thaler was not sufficient. They accordingly, in the same year, adopted the so-called _Zinnaische_ standard, setting the Reichs thaler at 1 florin 45 kreutzers (105 kreutzers), equal to 18 good groschens (mark of fine silver = 10-1/2 thalers, or 15 florins 45 kreutzers). The enactment of this system gave rise to a new species of heavy silver coins:-- Guldener = 2/3 thaler. " = 60 kr. " = 16 good groschen. " = 32 schillingen. Two years later, 1669, the three Higher Circles determined, as a measure of protection to their gold, to alter the ratio, and for that purpose to reduce the thaler from 96 to 90 kreutzers again, while leaving the ducat = 3 florins, and the gold gulden = 2 florins 20 kreutzers. The mark of fine silver was thus = 3 fl. 30 kr. " gold " = 204 " (Ratio = 15-1/9.) The divisional coins were to be minted on a graduated and enhanced standard. Thus-- 6-kr. and 4-kr. pieces (Batzen), at 13 fl. 55 kr. to the mark fine. Groschen (3 kr.) at 14 fl. 10 " " Kreutzer at 14 fl. 40 " " Pfennige (3760 to the mark fine), at 15 fl. 43 " " There were thus three contemporary systems in Germany in 1670-- 1. Reichs thaler, at 90 kr., mark of fine silver at 13 fl. 30 kr. 2. " at 96 " " at 14 fl. 24 " 3. " at 105 " " at 15 fl. 45 " The three Upper Circles, however, could not maintain their last enacted order. In spite of its enactment, the Reichs thaler rose again to 96 kreutzers, and the ducat to 3 florins 12 kreutzers.