From this 24-gulden standard sprang towards the close of the eighteenth century a later development, due to the circulation of the kronen thaler or Brabant thaler, which, from 1755 onwards, Austria minted for her Netherland possessions. The Rhenish provinces drove this piece above its Mint rate, setting it at 2 florins 42 kreutzers, although in the 24-gulden standard its value was only 2 florins 38-10/19 kreutzers. This implied a standard of 24-6/11 guldens to the mark of fine silver, and gradually, about the beginning of the present century, Bavaria, Würtemberg, and Nassau minted convention thalers on the same footing. Baden, Hesse, and Saxe-Coburg followed suit in their minting of kronen thalers until, by the Mint Convention of the South German states in 1837, the new standard (the 24-1/2-gulden standard) was formally recognised as the South German standard. In this convention Austria had no part. The standard here detailed, the 24-1/2-gulden or South German standard, was assimilated to the Prussian system in the Dresden Convention, 1838 (see text, p. 205), and in that connection remained intact until the developments of modern times detailed in the text, p. 215. Prussia. The Prussian monetary system, as a separate identity, took its rise in that same period which witnessed the independent action of Austria, above detailed. Its builder was Frederick the Great, who, for this purpose, called in the advice of a Dutch merchant, Philip Graumann. It is to this latter that is due the introduction in 1750 of the 21-gulden or 14-thaler standard, otherwise known as the Graumann standard. Thaler = 10-1/2 to the mark, 12 loth fine (mark of fine silver therefore = 14 thalers or 21 guldens). Thaler = 24 groschens = 288 pfennige (24 × 12). Groschen and 1/2-groschen minted as divisional coins (= 1/24 and 1/48 thaler) of billon. After the temporary debasement during the Seven Years' War, the Graumann standard was re-established in 1764, but with two differences. 1. The minting of 1/2 and 1/4-thaler pieces of 12 loth silver was ordered to cease from 1766, and to be replaced from 1764 by-- 1/3 thaler, 10-2/3 loth, 28 to the mark } 1/6 " 8-1/3 " 43-3/4 " } 14-thaler standard. 1/12 " 6 " 63 " }