+--------------+--------+---------++--------------+--------+---------+ | Date. | Florin.| Krtzers.|| Date. | Florin.| Krtzers.| +--------------+--------+---------++--------------+--------+---------+ | 1582 | 1 | 8 || 1621 Jan. | 2 | 20 | | 1587 | 1 | 9 || Feb. | 2 | 24 | | 1590 | 1 | 10 || March | 2 | 30 | | 1594 | 1 | 11 || April | 2 | 36 | | 1596 | 1 | 12 || May 25 | 2 | 48 | | 1603 | 1 | 14 || May 31 | 3 | 15 | | 1604 | 1 | 14 || June | 3 | 6 | | 1605 | 1 | 15 || July | 3 | 15 | | 1607 | 1 | 16 || Aug. | 4 | 0 | | 1608 | 1 | 20 || Aug. 10 | 3 | 15[A] | | 1609 June 15 | 1 | 22 || Sept. | 4 | 30[A] | | July 7 | | || Oct. | 5 | 0[A] | | Dec. 19 | 1 | 24 || Nov. | 5 | 30[A] | | 1610 | 1 | 24 || Dec. | 6 | 30[A] | | 1613 Sept. | 1 | 26 || Dec. 20 | 3 | 15 | | 1614 Aug. | 1 | 28 || 1622 Jan. 18 | 7 | 30[B] | | 1615 March | 1 | 28 || Jan. 27 | 4 | 30 | | Nov. 1 | 1 | 24 || Feb. 10 | 10 | 0[C] | | Nov. 17 | 1 | 30 || Mar. | 10 | 0[C] | | 1616 | 1 | 30 || Mar. 12 | 6 | 0 | | 1617 | 1 | 30 || June 16 | 3 | 15[A] | | 1618 | 1 | 32 || Oct. | 5 | 0[B] | | 1619 Oct. | 1 | 48 || Nov. | 6 | 0[B] | | Dec. | 2 | 4 || 1623 April | 1 | 30 | | 1620 June | 2 | 8 || And at this last figure | | Nov. 9 | 2 | 20 || standing up to 1669. | +--------------+--------+---------++--------------+--------+---------+ [Footnote A: Nürnberg.] [Footnote B: Augsburg.] [Footnote C: Vienna.] The course of the _gold gulden_ which could be given is exactly parallel. This table speaks volumes. It marks the acuteness of the monetary panic and crisis of 1621-22--the central time of the commercial ruin induced by the disorder of the _Kipper und Wipper Zeit_. The pamphleteer and polemic literature of this crisis is as rich and instructive as any which has accompanied the bimetallic agitation and silver question of our later days. At Hamburg the _thaler_, which had gradually risen from an equivalence of 24 schillingen to 33 schillingen in 1609, had a correspondingly excited course during these years.