Spirits (see also Gin Act, intoxicating drinks, &c.), an ancient Chinese drink, so-called, 19-22. of modern China, 29. of modern India, 43, 44. drunk by Mussulmans in Persia, 55. distillation of, discovery doubtful, 159. first known in England, 159. extraction of pure, 159. first importation of, 159. table of alcoholic strength of, 160. increase of drunkenness from, in England, 160. decrease of drunkenness from, in consequence of raised duty in eighteenth century, 163. annual consumption of, considered, 181. fluctuations of drunkenness, how affected by duty, 181. early Swedish legislation concerning, 195. early use of, in the United States, 204. former price of, in the United States, 204. effect of, on Red Indians, 207, 208. drinking of, in the United States, 213. American legislation concerning, 217, 222. drunkenness, as compared with lighter drinks, 222. freely sold under the Maine Law, 224-226. adulteration of, with water, in England, 250. St. David, his canons against monastic intemperance, 123. St. Edmundsbury, anecdotes from the chronicles of, 127, 131. St. Gildas the Wise, canons against monastic intemperance, 123. St. Paul commends total abstinence, 68. deprecated forced total abstinence, 68. denies salvation to drunkards, 69. Statistics often misleading, 177. of police arrests for drunkenness, 177, 179, 247. of fluctuations in duty on spirits, 181. of French and Spanish wines imported, 182, 183. of working men’s votes in favour of restricted hours of sale, 187. erroneous, concerning Swedish intemperance, 197. of police prosecutions of publicans, 247. Statue formed of trunk of vine, 89. Stockholm, drinking in, 200. Stuarts, drunken revels of the court of the, 149. Students, drinking songs of German (mediæval), 107. habits at German universities, 115. _Sura_, intoxicating drink of Aryans, 39. Sunday closing of public-houses, 187, 245. in Ireland, 249. in England, refusal of Home Secretary to introduce measure for, 250. Surgery, Savory on use of alcohol in, 232, 233. Sweden, drunkenness in, early this century, 195-197. multiplication of distilleries in, early this century, 196. erroneous statistics concerning drunkenness in, 197. first temperance society started in, 198. licensing system of, 198-200. success of licensing system of, 199. Permissive Bill in, 199. _Symposia_, ancient Roman drinking parties, 93. T Table of alcoholic strength of various drinks, 160. Tacitus on ancient German drinking habits, 103. Talmud, the, on drinking and drunkenness, 62-64.